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Histology and Ontogeny of Scales, Feathers and Hair The Integument “Jack-of-all-Trades” organ system Forms interface b/w the internal and external environment Homeostasis Protection from abrasion Buffers drastic environmental change Na, HOH, UV Exchange of chemicals and gases (receptors) Protective Communicative Nutritive Coloration Protection Communication Structure and Function correlated with an organisms life style and environment Integument - Structure and Development Epidermis Stratified, squamous Ectoderm Basement Membrane Fibrils Dermis Fibrous connective tissue Mesodermal dermatome of the somites Integument - Structure and Development Stratum germinativum Cuboidal Mitotic Division Migrate Distally Differentiate Sloughed off Synthesis of keratin Water insoluble protein that fills cells Stratum corneum of Vertebrates Integument - Structure and Development Beneath the Basement Membrane (Dermis) Proximal Migration and differentiation of of collagen fibers and other structures Two layers Stratum laxum (spongiosum) Stratum compactum Blood vessels, nerves, pigment cells Endotherms – bases of hair and feathers + erector muscles Interaction between dermis and epidermis Bony scales Horny scales Feathers Hair Other skin derivatives – claws, antlers, horns, baleen Cells that form the skin layers Respond to inductive influences of adjacent cells and to environmental influences. Neural crest cells migrating between epidermis and dermis signal the building of these derivatives Integument of Fishes Fish are aquatic Conservation of structure and function among the different fish groups. Bony scales Characterize the skin of most fishes Substances (tissues) that contribute to bony scales Bone Dentine Enamel Function of bony scales Protection from parasites, other predators Positioning: Slide one atop the next Allow for the distortion of body Hydrodynamic function to reduce drag Feeding Cellular Bone Extra-cellular matrix of collagen fibers Embedded in p
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