第6讲词汇与语法(非谓语动词-强调句).pptVIP

词汇与语法第6讲非谓语动词 强调句 非谓语动词 非谓语动词：不能单独作谓语的动词。 动词不定式 动名词 分词 (现在分词、过去分词) 动词不定式 I. 构成: 肯定形式：to do 否定形式：not to do II. 用法：作主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语 1. 作主语： e.g. To find those stamps is difficult. To learn English well is not easy. 注意1）通常将不定式放在后面，用 “it” 作形式主语放在句首。 e.g. It is difficult to find those stamps. It is not easy to learn English well. 注意2）如果说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可在不定式前加“for/of + 名词或人称代词宾格”，构成不定式的逻辑主语。 e.g. It was difficult for him to leave India and to go to a foreign land. It was nice of you to help me. It is very kind of you to say so . 注意3 采用FOR的是与事物有关的非人称形容词。 possible, impossible, important, easy, hard, useless, necessary, essential, convenient, difficult… 采用OF的是与人有关的赞美，批评等品质形容词：nice, kind, wise, good, polite, right, clever, bad, wrong, cruel, stupid, foolish, impolite… 2.作表语 e.g. Her wish is to become a doctor. 3.作宾语 e.g. We decided to discuss the problem at once. At last she had managed to get the papers she needed. 4.作宾语补足语 e.g. The teacher expected us to carry out the task ahead of time. I want you to go with me. 注意4）在make, let, have, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, 等使役动词和感官动词后，宾补中的TO必须省略。Help 后的TO可省可不省。 e.g. I saw her walk into a tea-shop. Let me try. she helped the old man (to) do his homework. 5.作定语：（放在所修饰的名词或代词之后） e.g. Every stamp is a picture that has a story to tell. Is there anything to drink? 6.作状语 e.g. I went to the airport to meet my brother.（表目的） They were surprised to hear the news. （表原因） My daughter isn’t old enough to go to school. （表结果） III 不定式的时态和语态。 以do为例，见下表： 一般式：to do to be done 进行式：to be doing 完成式：to have done to have been done 1.不定式的一般式，表示与谓语动词同时的行为或谓语动词之后的行为。 I want to tell what happened. 2.不定式的进行式，表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 They seemed to be quarrelling. 3.不定式的完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 He is said to have gone abroad. I am sorry to have interrup