宜宾市2000年～2010年麻疹流行病学分析.docVIP

宜宾市2000年～2010年麻疹流行病学分析 余刚 赖红 郑岳鸣 赵素容 (四川省宜宾市疾病预防控制中心,宜宾,644000) [摘要] 目的：了解宜宾市2000年～2010年麻疹流行特征，分析流行因素,探讨麻疹控制的策略。方法：收集2000年～2010年宜宾市麻疹发病监测资料和人口学资料，用spss12.0软件对六年间的麻疹发病情况进行描述性流行病学分析。结果：宜宾市2000年～2010年麻疹平均发病率为9.06/10万，散发和局部爆发并存。病例分布广泛，各县麻疹发病率和接种率水平有较大差异。发病高峰在3月～7月。年龄分布以7岁以下儿童居多，占64.50%，而8月龄～3岁尤为突出，占7岁以下病例的45.32％。有免疫史者占30.49％，其中8月龄-1岁病例有免疫史者仅占8.99％。结论：人群免疫接种率低下、及时接种率低与免疫成功率不高，是造成该市麻疹发病的主要原因。提高麻疹疫苗接种率和及时有效接种率，应为今后该市控制和消除麻疹工作的重点。 [关键词]： 麻疹；发病率；流行病学分析 A Study on the Epidemiological Characteristics of Measles in YiBin City from 2000 to 2010 ABSTRACT: Objective： To analyze characters of measles epidemic in YiBin region from 2000 to 2010, in order to provide gist for measles control and prevention.Method: measles cases were collected in YiBin between 2000 and 2010, and epidemiological analysis was used. Results: average incidence rate of measles in the 11 years was 9.06/100000, in YiBin. The reported measles cases distributed in all distincts of YiBin, both sporadic and epidemic measles existed. Measles incidence rate and measles vaccination rate were different in the 9 distincts of YiBin. The prevalent season was f rom March to July. The aged under 7 years old account 64.50% among all cases. And those who had been vaccinated against measles before account 30.49％,and aged 8 months to 1 year old cases had been vaccinated only 8.99%. Conclusions: Lower immunization coverage rate ,lower immune timely rate and lower immune successful rate were the most important causes for outbreaks of measles. Thus, it is the ultimate measure to improve the immuni- zation cover age rate ,the immune timely rate and the immune successful rate for control measles. Key words: Measles；Incidence rate；Epidemiology analysis 麻疹是由麻疹病毒引起的一种以发热、出疹为特征的急性呼吸道传染病，可引起严重的肺炎、腹泻、脑炎等并发症。麻疹曾严重威胁广大儿童身体健康与生命安全。自实施儿童计划免疫以来，我市的麻疹发病已大幅度下降，2000年以前已下降到小于15/10万，2009年下降到1/10万以下。为了了解宜宾市麻疹流行特征和影响因素，为制定防治策略提供科学依据，如期实现消除麻疹目标，现对2000-2010年宜宾市麻疹发病情况进行流行病学分析。 1 资料和方法 1.1 资料来源 人口资料来自宜宾市统计局。发病资料来自2000-2010年宜宾市麻疹疫情专报系统，包括