1.构词对比汇总.pptVIP

3.1 Shortening in English Clipping(缩短词） Abbreviation(首字母缩略词） 1. Initialism 2. Acronyms [?kr?n?m] 3.1.1 Clippings the process of clipping involves the deletion of one or more syllables from a word (usually a noun), which is also available in its full form. Subtypes of Clippings A: back clippings (apocope[?p?k?p?] ) e.g. ampere → amp, automobile → auto B. front clippings (aphaeresis?[?f?r?s?s] ) e.g. omnibus → bus, parachute → chute C: front back clippings e.g. influenza → flu, prescription → script D: Syncope [s??k?p?] e.g. courtesy-curtsy, pacificist?[p?sifisist] → pacifist 3.1.2 Initialism It is a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term, or a phrase; an initialism is pronounced letter by letter. e.g. CAD: computer-aided design WTO: World Trade Organization 3.1.3Acronym Acronyms are words formed from the initial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term, etc. acronyms differ from initialisms in that they are pronounced as words rather than as sequences of letters. e.g. NATO (the North Atlantic Treaty Organization) OPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) SAM (surface-to-air missile) 4. Reduplications A minor type of word-formation by which a compound word is created by the repetition of (1) one word, (2) of two almost identical words with a change in the vowel, (3) of two almost identical words with a change in the initial consonants. 重叠词(reduplications)是指词根语素通过重叠形式而构成一个新词。它可以是由两个相同的词根或音节重叠构成的合成词。因为这一类词语前后两部分发音近似，根据其音韵特征称之为“叠声词”。这类词大多通过重复一个词的基本音节而派生来的，在构词学上称之为重叠词(reduplications or reduplicatives)。 4.1. Reduplications in English 英语中的许多单词是双音节以上的词，经过仔细分类，利用叠韵构成的词又可分为头韵词、尾韵词、双韵词、双声叠韵词和叠词。 4.1. Reduplications in English （1）头韵重叠词(alliterative reduplications)利用头韵构成的重叠词，是通过首字母相同的词语构成语义相关、形式对等的复合表达。 如：sea-saw(跷跷板，秋千)，shipshape(整整齐齐，井井有条)，spick-span(崭新的)。 （2）尾韵重叠词(rhyming reduplications)利用尾韵（con