GMAT阅读Ecoefficiency文章和题目翻译.docVIP

Eco efficiency measures to minimize environmental impact through the reduction or elimination of waste from production processes has become a goal for companies worldwide, with many realizing significant cost savings from such innovations. Peter Senge and Goran Carstedt see this development as laudable but suggest that simply adopting eco efficiency innovations could actually worsen environmental stresses in the future. Such innovations reduce production waste but do not alter the number of products manufactured nor the waste generated from their use and discard; indeed, most companies invest in eco efficiency improvements in order to increase profits and growth. Moreover, there is no guarantee that increased economic growth from eco efficiency will come in similarly eco efficient ways, since in today’s global markets, greater profits may be turned into investment capital that could easily be reinvested in old-style eco-inefficient industries. Even a vastly more eco efficient industrial system could, were it to grow much larger, generate more total waste and destroy more habitat and species than would a smaller, less eco efficient economy. Senge and Carstedt argue that to preserve the global environment and sustain economic growth, businesses must develop a new systemic approach that reduces total material use and total accumulated waste. Focusing exclusively on eco efficiency, which offers a compelling business case according to established thinking, may distract companies from pursuing radically different products and business models. 环境效率（通过减少或者消除生产过程中产生的废品减少环境影响的措施）已经变成了全世界的公司的一个目标，很多公司意识从这个创新中得到的巨大的成本节约。 PS和GC这两个人认为这个发展是值得赞扬的，但也提出，仅仅采用环境效率创新可能实际上会使未来的环境压力变坏。 这种创新减少了生产的废品，但不改变生产的产品的数量，也不改变从他们的使用和丢弃中产生的废品；确实，大多数的公司投资于环境效率进展是为了增加利润和成长。 另外，通过环境效率方法的而增长的经济成长将会和环境效率方法一样是没有保证的，因为在当今的全球市场，更大的利润可能会被变成投资资本，投资资本可能被很容易地重新投资到旧的模式的环境非效率工业中。 甚至，如果一个大范围的更加环境效率的工业系统变得更大，它能够产生更多的总的废品，破坏更多的栖息地和物种，相比较于一个更小的，更不环境效率的经济。 S和C这两个人说，为了保护全球的环境和保持经济增长，贸易必须发展一个新的系统的方法，那个方法能够减少总的材料使用和总的积累