菌材树种及用量对甘孜州野生乌天麻无性繁殖的影响.docVIP

菌材树种及用量对甘孜州野生乌天麻无性繁殖的影响 　　摘要：研究不同菌材树种、菌材用量对甘孜州野生乌天麻（Gastrodia elata Bl.f.glauca S.Chow）无性繁殖的影响。结果表明，菌材树种对甘孜州野生乌天麻无性繁殖的产量和箭麻折干率均有极显著影响，刺叶栎类材质紧密树种所培养的天麻的产量和折干率极显著高于白桦类材质疏松树种；菌材用量对甘孜州野生乌天麻无性繁殖产量有极显著影响，但对箭麻折干率无影响。 　　关键词：菌材树种；菌材用量；乌天麻（Gastrodia elata Bl.f.glauca S.Chow）；无性繁殖；产量；折干率 　　中图分类号：S567.23+9；R282.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2015）03-0654-04 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.03.037 　　Effects of Tree Species and Dosage of Rhizomorph Wood on Asexual Reproduction of Gastrodia elata.Bl.f.glauca S.Chow in Ganzi 　　XIE Xue-qiang，PENG Zong-jie 　　（Department of Environment and Life Science， Sichuan University for Nationalities， Kangding 626001， Sichuan，China） 　　Abstract： The effects of the tree species and the dosage of Armillariella mellea rhizomoph wood on asexual reproduction of wild Gastrodia elata Bl.f.glauca S.Chow were studied in Ganzi prefecture. The results showed that the tree species had a very significant effects on asexual reproduction yield of wild G. elata Bl.f.glauca S.Chow. The dry discount rate， the yield and the rate of its mature tuber caused by close grained wood such as Quercus spinosa David ex Fr. was very significantly higher than those caused by coarse grained wood such as Betula platyphylla Suk.. The dosage had a very significant effects on the yield of wild G. elata Bl.f.glauca S.Chow with no influence on the dry discount rate. 　　Key words： tree species of Armillariella mellea rhizomoph wood； dosage of Armillariella mellea rhizomorph wood；Gastrodia elata Bl.f.glauca S.Chow； asexual reproduction；yield；dry discount rate 　　天麻既是传统名贵中药材，也是深受现代人青睐的保健食材，既主治高血压、眩晕、头痛、口眼歪斜等病症，也在调理和增强人体机能方面发挥着重要作用。乌天麻（Gastrodia elata Bl.f.glauca S.Chow）以其麻体形态好、折干率高、品质优秀、野生区域、数量少以及人工栽培少等原因，价格比红天麻、黄天麻高出3～4倍[1]。甘孜州野生乌天麻因天然无污染，国内外需求量大，遭到过度采挖，资源日益枯竭。为了保护甘孜州野生乌天麻资源并满足人们需求，有必要对其进行驯化栽培。天麻栽培中需要菌材，该菌材是着生蜜环菌[Armillariella mellea （Vahl ex Fr.）Karst.]菌索的木材[2]，而培养蜜环菌菌材的树种及菌材用量对天麻产量有较大影响[3]。甘孜州适合天麻栽培的菌材树种非常丰富，但甘孜州生态脆弱，自然状态下难以生长。如何高效、持续而环保地发挥这些菌材树种在甘孜州野生乌天麻驯化栽培中的作用，亟待研究。本