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Lesson 8 Most investigations in the field of industrial psychology are concerned with the question of how the productivity of the individual worker can be increased, and how he can be made to work with less friction; psychology has lent its services to human engineering, an attempt to treat the worker and employee like a machine which runs better when it is well oiled. While Taylor was primarily concerned with a better organization of the technical use of the workers physical powers, most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the workers psyche The underlying idea can be formulated like this: if he works better when he is happy, then let us make him happy, secure, satisfied, or anything else, provided it raises his output and diminishes friction. In the name of human relations, the worker is treated with all devices which suit values are recommended in the interest of better relations a completely alienated person; even happiness and human with the public. Thus, for instance, according to Time magazine, one of the best-known American psychiatrists said to a group of fifteen hundred Supermarket executives: Its going to be an increased satisfaction to our customers if we are happy... It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management, if we could put some of these general principles of values, human relationships, really into practice. One speaks of human relations and one means the most inhuman relations, those between alienated automatons ; one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity 在工业心理学方面的大多数调查都是关于如何使工人的生产率得以提高，如何能使他少带一些抵触情绪去工作。心理学已用来服务于人类工程，即试图把工人和雇员当作机器来对待，认为他们也像机器一样，只要加好油，就能运转得好一些。泰勒主要关心的是如何在工业生产上更好地组织使用工人的体力，而大多数工业心理学家关心的主要是如何左右工人的心灵。可以这样来表达其基本思想：如果他高兴就能工作得好一些的话，那么就让我们使他高兴、安心、满意或别的什么的，只要这样能提高他的产量，减少抵触情绪就行。在人际关系的名义下，他们用对一个完全冷漠的人的一切手段去对待一个工人；就是幸福和人们的价值观也是从与公众建立更好的关系这个角度提出来的。例如，据《时代》周刊报导，美国一位最著名的精神病学家对一批1 500名超级市场经理人员说：如果我们是高高兴兴的，我们的顾客就会感到更满意