Nomenclature_of_Organic_Compounds.pptVIP

Nomenclature of Organic Compounds hydrocarbons, 烃类，碳氢化合物 alcohols, 醇类 aldehydes, 醛类 ketones, 酮类 ethers, 醚类 carboxylic acids, 羧酸 esters, 酯类 carbohydrates,糖类，碳水化合物 IUPAC System Despite the existence of the official IUPAC System, a great many well-established common or trivial names, and even abbreviations are used , and because of their brevity and convenience, will doubtless continue to be used. So it is necessary to have a knowledge of both the IUPAC System and of many non-IUPAC common names. Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbons are composed entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded to each other by covalent bonds. Several series of hydrocarbons are known. These include the alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon The alkanes, also known as “paraffins” or “saturated hydrocarbons”, are straight or branched-chain hydrocarbons having only single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms. It is necessary to learn the names of the first 10 members of the alkane series as these names are used, with slight modifications, for corresponding compounds belonging to other classes. Rule A-1. Saturated Unbranched-chain Compounds and Univalent Radicals Rule A-2. Saturated Branched-chain Compounds and Univalent Radicals Rule A-3. Unsaturated Compounds and Univalent Radicals 二 有机物的命名 1 烷烃（alkanes） 1.1 直链烷烃 烃类化合物的命名是有机命名的基础。英文名称除了含1到4个碳原子以外，其余均用希腊文和拉丁文的数词加上相应的词尾（-ane）来命名，10个碳原子以上的则在数词前加前缀un、do、tri、tetra、penta等。 Alkane = Number prefix-ane Rules 11~19Alkane = Number prefix-decane 21~29Alkane = Number prefix-cosane 31~39Alkane = Number prefix-triacontane 40~90Alkane = Number prefix-contane 11~19Alkane = Number prefix-decane 11 Undecane 12 Dodecane 13 Tridecane 14 Tetradecane 15 Pentadecane Examples 1-2 20 Icosane 21 Henicosane 22 Docosane 23 Tricosane 24 Tetracosane Examples 1-3 30 Triacontane 31 Hentriacontane 32 Dotriacontane 33 Tritriacontane 34 Tetratriacontane Examples 1-4 20 Icosane 30 Triacontane