微观6不完全竞争市场理论.ppt

* * * * * * * 主要是个数学家，但对经济学有贡献 Cournot was mainly a mathematician, but did have some influence over economics. His theories on monopolies and duopolies are still famous. In 1838 the book Researches on the Mathematical Principles of the Theory of Wealth was published, in which he used the application of the formulas and symbols of mathematics in economic analysis. This book was highly criticized and not very successful during Cournots lifetime, and he did try to rewrite it twice, but it still has influence in economics today. Today many economists believe this book to be the point of departure for modern . Cournot introduced the ideas of functions and probability into economic analysis. He derived the first formula for the rule of supply and demand as a function of price and in fact was the first to draw supply and demand curves on a graph, anticipating the work of Alfred Marshall by roughly thirty years. The Cournot duopoly model developed in his book also introduced the concept of a (pure strategy) Nash equilibrium, the Reaction function and best-response dynamics. Today, Cournots work is recognized in econometrics. He was also a teacher of political economy and mathematics to Auguste Walras, who was the father of Léon Walras. Cournot and Auguste Walras persuaded Léon Walras to try political economics. Cournot is also credited to be one of the sources of inspiration for Léon Walras and his general equilibrium theory. * 父亲是物理学家，兄弟是考古学家，9岁丧父，9岁已经很熟悉代数和几何，并说着一口流利的拉丁语 In the field of economics he reviewed the work on oligopoly theory, specifically Cournot competition model produced by the French mathematician and economist Augustin Cournot. The model of Bertrand competition argued that Cournot had reached a very misleading conclusion; he reworked Cournots duopoly model using prices rather than quantities as the strategic variables thus showing that the equilibrium price was simply the competitive price. * 博弈论是二战以后发展起来的 对博弈论和产业经济性都有很大贡献，出生在莫斯科 * He is best remembered f