英美文化概况试卷名词解释.docVIP

名词解释 1the strategy of preemption In an address delivered to the west point graduates ,president bush ,for the first time ,put forward the strategy of preemption .by preemption ,the us means that when it determined that a country which is repressive and hostile to the us has acquire or produced weapons of mass destruction or has potential to have such weapons ,the us should use force to remove this threat to us security and should not wait till the danger becomes imminent or until the us is attacked .this has come to be known as the bush doctrine. 2the house of commons The house of common, is the real center of british political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives members of parliament make and debate policy .these mps are elected in the general elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them. 3the bill of rights The bill of rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the constitution in 1791.the bill of rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places ,the right to own weapons and so on. 4engagement and expansion The late 1980s and the early 1990s saw dramatic changes in the world .the fall of the berlin wall ,the change of the eastern European countries and the disintegration of the soviet union radically changed the balance of power in the world .the us became the only superpower of the world .after several adjustments ,the national strategy of the us was engagement and expansion ,which means the us would take a more active part in world affairs and would more actively promote market economy and American style democracy in the world . 5the cold war By the end of ww2,the united states ,which had not suffered as much as other allied countries ,became the strongest country in the world .as the possessor of atomic tombs and much of the world’s gold reserve and industrial production in its hand ,the policy-mak