SocialExchangeTheory.pptVIP

Group Cohesion promotes the development of consensus on normative standards and the effective enforcement of these shared norms because integrative ties of fellowship enhance the significance of the informal sanctions of the group to its individual members Disapproval and ostracism Social control strengthens the group as a whole, social support strengthens its members individually, particularly in relation to outsiders Group Cohesion and Power Simmel influenced Blau’s conception of power Adding a third person to a two-person group radically changes the structure of the group Individual’s power over another depends entirely on the socially alternatives, or the lack of alternatives, of the subjected individual Unilateral exchange generates differentiation of power The exercise of power, as judged by norms of fairness, evokes social approval or disapproval, which may lead to legitimate organization and to social opposition Collective approval of power legitimizes that power Collective disapproval of power engenders opposition Equilibrium forces on one level are disequilibrating forces on another Group Cohesion and Power Differentiation of power in social exchange: Fewer services people must exchange for the receipt of particularly valued services, the more compliance those providing these particularly valued service can extract Few the alternative sources of rewards, the more compliance those providing valuable services can extract Less those receiving services from particular individuals can employ physical force and cohesion, the more compliance those providing services can extract The less those receiving the valuable services can do without them, the more compliance those providing the services can extract Power differential leads to the potential for conflict The group system, at all levels, must find a way to successfully integrate differences in power and authority among group members if it is to succeed in maintaining its structure Group Cohes