干旱对植物影响的进展试题.docVIP

“植物逆境生物学”期末论文 学院： 生命科学学院 姓名：**************** 学号： **************** 班级： ************** 干旱对植物影响的研究进展 摘要: 干旱是影响植物生长的主要因素之一,干旱胁迫可造成经济作物产量的逐年大幅下降[1],它们不能逃避不利的环境变化, 它们需要快速的感应胁迫刺激进而适应各种环境胁迫。干旱对植物生长发育、物质代谢、信号传递、保护酶系的影响,以及干旱条件下植物体内的各种变化,从而为更深层次地研究干旱对植物的影响提供依据。水分在植物的生命活动中起着极大的作用,全世界由于水分亏缺导致的减产超过其他因素造成的减产的总和[1]。干旱、低温、高温、盐渍等不良环境是影响植物生长的重要因子,其作用于植物会引起植物体内一系列生理、生化和分子生物学上的变化,主要包括生物膜结构与组成的改变,许多特异性蛋白、糖、渗透调节物质(甜菜碱和脯氨酸等)的增加,和一些酶活性的变化等[2]。干旱影响了植物的生长、发育，因此，我们要用各种预防途径来减少干旱对植物的影响。本文系统介绍了在干旱胁迫条件下，植物内外在的变化和对逆境的响应能力。关键词干旱生长发育信号传递保护酶Drought is one of the main factors affecting plant growth, drought stress can cause economic crop yield year after year dropped [1], they cannot escape fromadverse environmental changes,they need rapid induction of stress stimuli and to adapt to various environmental stresses. Effect of drought on plant growth and development, metabolism, signal transduction, protective enzyme system, and various changes in plants under drought conditions, so as to more deep research on effect of drought on plantprovides the basis.Water plays a very important role in the life of plants, the world due to water deficitlead to the reduction of more than other factors yields the sum of [1].Drought, low temperature, high temperature, salinity and other bad environmentis an important factor affecting plant growth, and its role in plant will cause a series of physiological changes in plants, biochemical and molecular biology,including the structure and composition of biological membrane changes, manyspecific protein, sugar, osmotic adjustment substances (Betaine and proline)increased, and the activities of some enzymes such as [2] changes.The effect of drought on the growth of plants, plant development, performance for the growth and metabolism is inhibited,serious or even cause irreversibledamage, eventually lead to death of plant [3-4].Most plants subjected to drought stress and various physiological processes are affected in dif