第四版 第15章_细胞分化与胚胎发育.ppt

第15章 细胞分化与胚胎发育;Main content;Section 1: cell differentiation;一、Basic conception of cell differentiation;（一）Cell differentiation results from gene differential expression;（二）House keeping gene and tissue specific gene; Tissue specific gene (组织特异性基因) Differential expressed in tissues thus keep their specific morphology, structure and function. Replicated during the early S phase in the cell where the gene is expressed. Repliacted during the late S phase in the cell where the gene is not expressed.;（三）Combinatorial gene control creates many different cell types in Eucaryotes ;（四）The single gene regulatory protein can trigger the formation of an entire organ;（五）cell differentiation also be employed for the protozoan to adjust the environment;（六）Transdifferentiation;（七） Regeneration;Main content; 二, cell totipotency;Plant cell totipotency;nucleus totipotency-爪蟾核移植实验;nucleus totipotency- 哺乳动物体细胞核移植;Main content; 三, Stem cell;Category of stem cell;Category of stem cell;Category of stem cell; ;Category of stem cell;Category of stem cell;Sources difference;Embryonic Stem Cell;人胚胎干细胞定向诱导分化;Producing stem cells from embryos and somatic cell nuclear transfer ;somatic cell nuclear transfer derived stem cell;/bls/stemcells/types-of-stem-cells.shtml;Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPS) ;Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPS) ;Cell engineering;Main content; 四, the factors affecting cell differentiation;（一）Cytoplasm nonhomogeneity from the fertilized egg for cell differentiation ;（二）extracellular signals for cell differentiation;胚胎诱导（embryonic induction）;（三）cell- cell interaction and position effect;Cell determination: 一个细胞接受了指令，在发育中这一细胞及其子代细胞将区别于其他细胞而分化成某种特定细胞类型。;果蝇幼虫成虫盘：一些未分化的细胞群，在幼虫变态过程中，不同的成 虫盘发育为成虫不同的器官。;果蝇成虫盘细胞决定状态的移植实验;（四）cell memory and determination;（五）environment for sex determination;（六）chromatin change and gene rearrangement;Main content;Section 2：Developmental cell differention ;一、 Germ cell differentiation ;性腺是一个极为特殊的器官 大多数器官的发育进程，其细胞分化