Lecture Thirteen.pptVIP

Lecture Thirteen America’s 1920s Also called the Roaring Twenties or the Jazz Age The 1920s, roughly the period between the end of World War I and the Great Stock Market Crash (the Great Depression)of 1929, is often stereotyped as the Roaring Twenties. Many Americans think of it as the era of the flapper(轻佻女郎), bathtub gin（私烧禁酒）, raccoon coats（熊皮大衣）, jazz bands, organized crime（Red Scare, 3Ks）, talking movies, etc. Americans, recoiling from the horrors of World War I, turned their attention away from the reforms of the Progressive Era and focused on themselves. Presidential candidate Warren Harding promised a return to normalcy and President Calvin Coolidge told the nation that business, not peace or social reform, was Americas business. But, as the novels of Hemingway, Fitzgerald, and Gertrude Stein prove, it was also the time of deep disillusionment, the era of the lost generation. Contradictions surfaced across the nation. African American‘s celebrated African American culture with the art, literature and music of the Harlem Renaissance while membership in the Ku Klux Klan increased dramatically. Spurred on（激励） by excess patriotism generated by World War I, the federal government led unconstitutional raids on its critics and the newly formed Bureau of Investigation increased surveillance （监视）of American immigrants. Women won the right to vote in 1920 and entered colleges in record numbers at the same time that they were encouraged to work only within the home and to withdraw from political activities. Farmers, whose incomes had risen dramatically at the end of WWI, saw their incomes drop just as dramatically by the middle of the decade. Herbert Hoover‘s 1928 presidential campaign called for “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage,” but within eighteen months of his election, millions of rural Americans and unskilled laborers were on the edge of economic ruin and the stock market would crash. Confused by these contradictions, many Americans turne