国际经济学英文PPT.ppt

What are the forces driving globalization? 1. the first and perhaps most profound influence is technological change. some 1,200 Indian cotton farmers committed suicide during 2005–2007 to escape debts to money lenders. borrowed money at exorbitant rate. cotton price fell by more than a third. cotton was heavily subsidized by wealthy countries, mainly the United States. According to the World Bank, cotton prices would have risen about 13 percent if the subsidies were eliminated. the tariff on imported cotton only 10% Openness - rough measure of the importance of international trade (Exports + Imports) GDP Openness = Leading trade partners of USA Leading trading partners of the United States, export, 2013/1-6 Value of US accounts for exports ($ million.) Canada $150378 19.3% Mexico 110738 14.2% China 55082 7.1% Japan 32242 4.1% UK 24495 3.1% Germany 23758 3.0% Brazil 21000 2.7% Hongkong 20754 2.7% South Korea 20351 2.6% Leading trading partners of the United States, export, 2013/1-6 Value of US accounts for imports ($ million.) China $202788 18.3% Canada 166072 15.0% Mexico 138383 12,5% Japan 68691 6.2% Germany 54392 4.9% South Korea 31409 2.8% UK 25715 2.3% Although the US economy is significantly tied to international trade, this tendency is even more striking for many smaller nations. Why? Reason: large countries tend to be less reliant on international trade because many of their companies can attain an optimal production size without having to export to foreign nations. Therefore, small countries tend to have higher measures of openness than do large ones. The United States as an Open Economy Labor and Capital Besides trade of goods and services, movements in factors of production are a measure of economic integration. As nations become more interdependent, labor and capital should move more freely across nations. Labor and Capital During the past 100 years, however, labor mobility has not risen f