浅谈月季花栽培与管理技术 毕业论文.docVIP

目 录 一、形态特征··················································2 二、生态习性·················································2 三、用途 ·······················································3 四、繁殖方法·····················································3 （一）扦插繁··················································3 （二）嫁接繁殖················································4 五、栽培技术·················································4 （一）? 露地栽培···············································4 （二）设施栽培·················································5 六、修剪···················································6 （一）修剪范围·················································6 （二）修剪程度·················································6 （三）修剪技术················································6 （四）修剪时间················································6 （五）修剪方式·················································6 （六）摘心··················································6 七、病虫害防治···············································6 浅谈月季花栽培与管理技术 【内容摘要】月季别名月月红、四季花、胜春、斗雪红，蔷薇科蔷薇属，落叶或常绿灌木，稀藤木。通常具钩状皮刺；小叶3-5，广卵形至卵状披针形，长2.5-6cm，表面光泽，径约5cm，深红，粉红近白色，微香，果卵形至球形，长1.5-2cm。 【关键词】月季；栽培；管理；技术 月季为蔷薇科蔷薇属植物，它花姿卓约，色彩艳丽，香味浓郁，花期特长，适应性广，与菊花、香石竹、唐菖蒲为世界四大鲜切花，是世界花卉产业的支柱产业。 一、形态特征 月季别名月月红、四季花、胜春、斗雪红，蔷薇科蔷薇属，常绿或半绿直立灌木，通常具钩状皮刺，小叶3-5，广卵形至卵状披针形，长2.5-6cm，先端尖，边缘有锯齿，两面无毛，表面光泽，叶柄与叶轴有散生皮刺和短腺毛；花常数朵簇生，稀单生，径约5cm，深红，粉红近白色，微香，果卵形至球形，长1.5-2cm。蔷薇果，有红、黄、黑等色，呈圆、扁、长圆等形状。 二、生态习性 月季喜日光充足，空气流通、排水良好、能避冷风和干热风的环境。喜温暖，大多数品种最适宜的白天气候为15-26℃，夜间温度为10-15℃。夏季高温持续30℃以上，则开花减少，品质降低，进入半休眠状态。冬季一般品种可耐-15℃低温，耐寒品种可耐-30℃低温。香水月季较喜温暖，其抗寒性较杂种香水月季差。月季喜肥，宜栽于肥沃、疏松、富含腐殖质，ph值6-7的微酸性至中性土壤中，但对土壤的适应范围较宽。空气相对湿度以75％-80％为宜，但在稍干或稍湿的环境中，亦能正常生长。有连续开花的特性，若每次开花后进行适度修剪，并浇水施肥，则可开花不绝。要求洁净的大气环境，如遇污染(烟尘、有毒气体及酸雨等)，均妨碍其正常生长发育。baidu 三、用途 月季四季开花，花色丰富，品种繁多，类型各异，是目前用途最为广泛的一种花卉，是世界四大鲜切花之一，也是产值最高的花卉种类之一。在园林中，月季可以大面积用于园林绿化地，可做花坛、花境、也可植于庭院、楼前或布置成月季专用园,有些月季品种适宜做成花架、花篱。 四、繁殖方法 月季多用扦插或嫁接法繁殖，也可用播种繁殖。播种只用于培育新品种或用于播种野蔷薇获得大量砧木。 （一）扦插繁殖： 1、插穗选择和修剪：选择当年生、没有病虫害的健壮枝条(以花后枝条较好)。剪除枝条上部，选取枝条中、下部，每10厘米左右剪截1段，作为一根插穗，其