naturalism自然主义文学课件解析.ppt

The Age of Realism (1865—1918) Beginning Period: Howells; James; Local Colorism: Mark Twain American Naturalism (1908—1918): Crane; Norris; Dreiser; Robinson; Jack London; O Henry; Naturalism Naturalism was a literary movement of the late nineteenth century that yielded influence on the twentieth.? It was an extension of realism, a reaction against the restrictions inherent in the realistic emphasis on the ordinary, as naturalists insisted that the extraordinary is real, too. In place of the middle-class realities of a George Eliot, or a William Dean Howells, the naturalists wrote about the fringes of society, the criminal, the fallen, the down-and-out, earning as one definition of their work the phrase sordid realism. Naturalism came largely from scientific Determinism.? Darwinism was especially important to the genre, as the naturalists perceived a persons fate as the product of blind external or biological forces (chiefly heredity and environment). not attempt to make moral judgments Darwinism Key terms The struggle for existence Survival of the fittest Natural selection Common Features 1) Emphasis on reality, objectivity, no exaggeration, give no comments and criticizing; 2) Focus on the lower class and common people; 3) Be concerned about the influence of social environment. According to them, human beings are victims of the crushing forces of heredity and environment. 4) Explain human activities and human society according to biological law, highlight the effect of animal instincts and heredity on human beings. 5) Apply scientific experiment to writing, try to test human feelings in various kinds of environment. 6) Hold very pessimistic attitude towards human society, and this pessimism often goes to determinism. Comments (1) Naturalistic writers cleared the way for the next generation, the “lost generation” of the 1920s; (2) In theme they represented the life of the lower classes truthfully and broke int