《哈佛大学公开课《公正：该如何做是好》：第三课：英文字幕》.docVIP

1 00:00:30,180 -- 00:00:31,910 When we finished last time, 2 00:00:36,000 -- 00:00:37,780 we were looking at John Stuart Mills 3 00:00:38,510 -- 00:00:47,320 attempt to reply to the critics of Benthams Utilitarianism. 4 00:00:48,300 -- 00:00:54,310 In his book Utilitarianism Mill tries to show that critics 5 00:00:54,419 -- 00:01:00,350 to the contrary it is possible within the utilitarian framework 6 00:01:00,610 -- 00:01:03,930 to distinguish between higher and lower pleasures. 7 00:01:04,030 -- 00:01:08,680 It is possible to make qualitative distinctions of worth and we tested 8 00:01:08,780 -- 00:01:15,080 that idea with the Simpsons and the Shakespeare excerpts. 9 00:01:15,920 -- 00:01:21,490 And the results of our experiment seem to call into question 10 00:01:24,899 -- 00:01:32,820 Mills distinction because a great many of you reported that you prefer 11 00:01:33,030 -- 00:01:37,190 the Simpsons but that you still consider Shakespeare to be 12 00:01:37,390 -- 00:01:42,120 the higher or the worthier pleasure. 13 00:01:42,670 -- 00:01:48,160 Thats the dilemma with which our experiment confronts Mill. 14 00:01:48,800 -- 00:01:54,060 What about Mills attempt to account for the especially weighty character 15 00:01:54,289 -- 00:01:58,730 of individual rights and justice in chapter five of Utilitarianism. 16 00:01:59,669 -- 00:02:07,380 He wants to say that individual rights are worthy of special respect. 17 00:02:08,400 -- 00:02:10,570 In fact, he goes so far as to say that justice is 18 00:02:10,900 -- 00:02:15,080 the most sacred part and the most incomparably binding part 19 00:02:15,269 -- 00:02:16,480 of morality. 20 00:02:17,150 -- 00:02:23,320 But the same challenge could be put to this part of Mills defense. 21 00:02:24,459 -- 00:02:32,690 Why is justice the chief part and the most binding part of our morality? 22 00:02:32,870 -- 00:02:35,200 Well, he says because in the long run, 23 00:02:36,090 -- 00:02:38,860 if we do justice and if we respect rights,