《【专题9】识别高考阅读理解干扰项的六大法宝》.doc

【专题九】识别高考阅读理解干扰项的六大法宝 1．包含项/集合项原则2．正反项原则3．委婉项原则4．同形项原则5．常识项原则6．因果项原则 1．包含项原则 （1）在答案选项分析中，假如对A)选项的理解概括了对其它三项 (或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项A) 与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A)往往就是正确答案。如在“花”与“玫瑰”两选项中，正确答案肯定是“花”，花包含了玫瑰, 因为玫瑰肯定是花，但花并不一定是玫瑰。 Living in a residence hall （学生宿舍）carries certain obligation.（义务） You have to be considerate of others, especially during study hours. Telephone calls and visits by friends should be short. You have to cooperate in keeping the room as sanitary（卫生） as possible. It is sometimes hard to be tolerant（容忍的） of another person’s habits that may differ from your own. 24. What must you learn to be tolerant of if you live in a dormitory? A) Your roommate’s telephone calls B) Habits that may differ from your own C) Visits by your roommate’s friends D) Roommates who are unsanitary 【原文题意】:住学生宿舍要受一些约束。你必须要考虑他人习惯，特别是在学习的时间。打电话及接待朋友来访的时间尽量要短。你还得齐心协力与室友尽可能保持好寝室卫生。有时候你是很难容忍别人不同的生活习惯。） 『解析』：从四个选项分析中我们可以看出，选项B)“与你不同的生活习惯”其实就包含并概括了其他三选项，即A)室友的电话、C)室友的朋友来访、D)室友不爱卫生，这些都是你不能接受的生活习惯。如果我们可以选A)、C)、D)任一选项，那么B)也可以选，但正确答案只有一个，所以我们只能选B)。 再如: Q: The three examples are cited to show that______. A. Quit smoking is necessary B. Healthy habits benefit our health C. Fruits and vegetables are better than milk D. We should drink more water everyday. 『解析』： 答案为B。 显而易见，B为包含项，概括了A、C、D三项，即 “quit smoking, have more fruits and vegetables and drink more water”都是“Healthy habits”。 包含项原则预示：选项中内容全面、概况性强的，往往是正确答案。 （2）四个选项中，如果有一项是其它两项或三项的集合，那么此集合项往往就是正确答案。 其表现形式为：A and B; A, B and C; Both A and B; all of the above items。 The Antarctic is a continent almost as large as Europe and Australia combined, surrounded by the most unobstructed water areas of the world- the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. Q: Antarctic is bordered (与…接壤) by the ____. A .Atlantic ocean B.Pacific Ocean C.Indian Ocean. D.All of the above 『解析』：D项为集合项，覆盖了A/B/C三项内容，是正确答案。根据最后一句“南极被大西洋、太平洋和印度洋活水域所环绕，”答案就应该是D项。再如： In his eagerness to make money from trees, he has cut them down in large numbers, only to fi