Ordered porous TiO2 films obtained by freezing and the application in dye sensitized solar cells》.pdfVIP

Current Applied Physics 15 (2015) 662e668 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Current Applied Physics journal homepage: /locate/cap Ordered porous TiO2 films obtained by freezing and the application in dye sensitized solar cells Xingxing Wang a, c, Bingchu Yang a, c, *, Kechao Zhou b, **, Dou Zhang b, Zhiyou Li b, Conghua Zhou a, b, c, * a Institute of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advanced Materials, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China b State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Research Institute of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China c Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Changsha 410083, PR China a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: TiO2 films with ordered porous structure were prepared by freezing. By simply freezing wet TiO2 film on Received 30 November 2014 a cold copper plate, ice crystals could grow from bottom of film. Removing such ice crystals then led to Received in revised form ordered, micro-sized pores in the films. With assistance of scanning electron microscopy and N2 17 February 2015 adsorptionedesorption isotherms, micro-structural properties of the films were studied. Coarsening Accepted 23 February 2015 behavior of ice crystals was analyzed based on evolvement of the micro-structure. It was found that, both Available online 28 February 2015