Rhetorical_device英语中的修辞.docVIP

Rhetorical device： 修辞方式 Part I Figure of speech 比喻 1． 明喻 (Simile) 明喻就是用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处Use a book as a bee does flowers. 读书如蜜蜂采蜜。 Wit without learning is like a tree without fruit. 没有学识的机智犹如没有果实的树。 The man cant be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。 He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。 2． 暗喻 ( Metaphor) 暗喻和明喻一样也是在两个不同类对象之间进行比较。但暗喻不用比喻词as或like等，而是直接把本体说成喻体。如： Time is money. 时间就是金钱。 Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother. 经验是智慧之父，记忆是智慧之母。 He has a heart of stone. 他有一颗铁石心肠。 3． 换喻/借喻 ( Metonymy) 换喻不像明喻、暗喻等比喻形式那样利用不同类对象的相似或类同点构成比较，而是利用对象之间的某种联系来唤起他人的联想，从而避免直说。比如用the White House 代替美国政府或者总统， 用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol， 用the bar 来代替the legal profession，用 crown代替 king等。pentagon如： His purse would not allow him that luxury. 他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。 The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。 He succeeded to the crown in 1848. 他在1848年继承了王位。4． 提喻 (Synecdoche) 提喻是指用部分代表整体，或用整体代表部分的修辞方法,或以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。如： Two heads are better than one. 三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。 Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。 这里head, mind均是以人体的某部分来代表人这一整体。 He earns his bread by writing. 他靠写作挣钱谋生。 The farms were short of hands during the harvest season. 在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。 Australia beat Canada at cricket. 澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。 He is the Newton of this century. 他是这个世纪的牛顿。5． 拟人 ( Personification) 拟人是把无生命的东西或抽象的概念赋予人的个性的修辞方法。如： Facts speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 Fields have eyes, and woods have ears. 隔墙有耳。 Riches serve a wise man, but command a fool. 财富是智者的奴隶，愚者的主人。 The flowers nodded to her while she passed. 当她经过的时候花儿向她点头致意。  6. 夸张 ( Hyperbole) 运用丰富的想象，在数量、形状或程度上加以渲染以增强表达效果，这就是夸张。如： A thousand years cannot repair a moments loss of honor. 一失足成千古恨。 Money makes the mare go. 有钱能使鬼推磨。 The world is but a little place, after all. 海内存知己，天涯若比邻。 7. 头韵 (Alliteration) 英语是一种韵律丰富的语言。两个或更多的词以相同的辅音字母开始，便构成头韵。如： Look before you leap. 三思而后行。 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不