2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研题源,考研真题4.pdfVIP

阅读题源 英国的老龄化危机 现在，许多经济大国开始面临人口老龄化危机。英国就是其中之一。缩减的适 龄劳动力人群和增加的养老需求，让英国政府很是头疼。政府自三年前就开始 采取措施颁布新令改革养老金和退休政策，试图平衡逐渐缩小的政府收入和日 渐增加的开支。 测试中可能遇到的词汇和知识： greying 头发变灰，代指老龄化 demographic 人口统计，人口分布 think-tank 智库 UKpensions:toughchoicesas ‘oldagesupportratio’shrinks （475words） By Josephin Cumbo Over th cours of th 20th century th UK mad big strides to improv th lif expectancy of its citizens, who 100 years ago wer considered middle-aged at 25. Back in 1901,a mal could typically expect to liv to 45. By 2012, lif expectancy for men had nearly doubled to 79, according to th Offic for National Statistics (ONS). Whil rising longevity is caus for celebration, th challenges of a greying population ar looming large, not only for retirement incom systems, but also for health and social car services. As in other developed countries, advances in medicin and diets hav contributedtoUKcitizenslivinglonger,atrendsettocontinue.By2050, th proportion of th UKpopulation aged65andover isprojected toreach nearly a quarter at 24 per cent, up from 17 per cent in 2012, according to th ONS. Strikingly, th fastest increaseswill b among th “oldest old”,with 资料来源：育明考研考博官网 th proportion aged 85 and over forecast to trebl from 2 per cent to 6 per cent. Academics say thes rapidly evolving demographic changes will affect everyon in society, regardless of age. “At worst, not only could it imply rising poverty, poor health and th erosion of social car for thos in old ag over th coming decades, but also lower standards of living for all of us, as ageing acts as a drag oneconomicgrowthandth futur deliveryofpublicservices,”saysDavid Sinclair,directorofth InternationalLongevityCentr UK,athink-tank. On of th main worries isthatas th proportion reaching retirement ag grows,th numberofworkingag peopl will shrinkasbirthratesdecline. This is a concern becaus UK stat pension payments ar funded through taxationand nat