托福口语考试技巧：缩写笔记.docVIP

托福口语考试技巧：缩写笔记 小马过河为大家准备了“托福口语考试技巧：缩写笔记”， 供各位备考托福的考生们参考使用，来提高自己的托福成绩！免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 　　保留多音节单词的前三四个字母： 　　ref～ (reference) 　　doc～ (document) 　　hosp～ (hospital) 　　pred～ (predator) 　　去掉单词的元音字母(A　E　I　O　U)： 　　prvt (private) 　　cvnt (convenient) 　　btw (between) 　　mkt (market) 　　符号： 　　指向性符号：→、←、↑、↓ 　　数学符号：∵、∴、=、 　　其他常用符号： 　　b4 (before，in advance) 　　$ (我不说，大家也知道) 　　☆ (important) 　　△ (change) 　　⊙ (focus，center) 　　更多的常用笔记符号： 　　1 箭头符号 　　grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase, ascend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation, promote, upwards: ↑ 　　drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend, decrease, deter iorate, depreciation, reduce, downwards: ↓ 　　become better and better: ↗ 　　become worse and worse: ↘ 　　export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, send to, transmit to, lead to, cause: → 　　come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from: ← 　　2 数学符号 　　further more, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc: + 　　minus, lack: - 　　incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious: × 　　more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to: 　　fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to: 　　equal to, the same as, a rival, a competitor: = 　　not equal to, no match for: ≠ 　　approximately, around, about, or so: ≈ 　　total, the total number/sum, totally: Σ 　　because, owing to, thanks to, due to: ∵ 　　therefore, as a result, consequently, so, thus, due to this: ∴ 　　3 标点符号 　　say, speak, tell, declare, announce, protest, such as: : 　　question, doubt, suspicious, skeptical, ask: ? 　　very important, vital, crucial, critical: ! 　　including, within, among, inside: ( ) 　　viewpoint, opinion, idea, point: ? 　　表示不同的时间概念: ? (注：如用d表示today，那么yesterday即用?d表示，the day before yesterday可记为??d，three days ago可写成?3d;同理，d?表示tomorrow，d??表示the day after tomorrow) 　　4 其他符号 　　center, focus, roundtable, meeting, meet, discussion: ⊙ (注：⊙像会议室的圆桌，中间的一点可以看做一个烟灰缸或花瓶) 　　change: △ 　　agreement, contract, treaty: ∪ ( 注： 人们签约时， 往往会举杯庆祝，而∪形似杯子。表示双边协议bi lateral agreement，三边协议trilateral agreemen