8二十世纪现代主义文学.pptVIP

20世纪欧美现代主义文学20th-Century Modern Literature Introduction Modernism is an omnibus term for a number of tendencies in the arts which were prominent in the first half of the 20th century. It is a complex and diverse movement. Some divide the 20th century into modern and postmodern periods, whereas others see them as two parts of the same larger period. 欧美现代主义文学(又译现代派)是19世纪末至20世纪在欧美出现的诸多文学流派的总称。现代主义具有强烈的反传统倾向，它大胆探索，锐意求新，表现了强烈的挑战意识和先锋精神。????? 现代主义以第二次世界大战为线，大致可分为两个时期。前期的主要流派有：未来主义、超现实主义、后期象征主义、表现主义、意识流小说、存在主义文学等。后期的主义流派有：荒诞派戏剧、新小说、黑色幽默、魔幻现实主义等，有人将后期的文学称为“后现代主义”。 现代主义文学产生的基础： 1,social crises 社会危机是现代主义文学的土壤 2, irrationalism 非理性主义是现代主义文学的思想,哲学基础 3, modern science现代科学是现代主义进行“革命”的科学基础 4, new understanding of literature 文学观念更新是现代主义文学发展的内在因素 On or about December 1910 human character changed.? All human relations shifted --- those between masters and servants, husbands and wives, parents and children.? And when human relations shift there is at the same time a change in religion, conduct, politics, and literature. ——Virginia Woolf Some Characteristics of Modernism in Literature 第一，以心理真实取代客观真实（stress on the inner world）。 第二，以表现取代再现（the new sense of reality，to express the reality，rather than to reappear the reality）。 第三，以新颖手法取代传统手法（new approaches in modernist writing）。 Futurism 未来主义 Futurism was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It was largely an Italian phenomenon, though there were parallel movements in Russia, England and elsewhere. The founder of Futurism and its most influential personality was the Italian writer Filippo Tommaso Marinetti. Marinetti launched the movement in his Futurist Manifesto, which he published for the first time on 5 February 1909. Marinetti expressed a passionate loathing of everything old, especially political and artistic tradition. We want no part of it, the past, he wrote, we the young and strong Futurists! The Futurists admired speed, technology, y