临床肿瘤学(2003年英文版)第14章-第23章chapter17【荐】.pdfVIP

17 PRIMARY MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE LIVER Liver Cancer are relatively rare in North America and western Europe, although they are common in areas of the world where hepatitis viral infection is endemic (e.g., Africa and Asia). Indeed, primary liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide, accounting for 5.4% of ne wcancer cases each year [1]. In contrast, hepatic metastases are much more common, arising most com- monly from carcinomas of the breast, lung, and gastro- Rohan J. H. Hammett intestinal tract. John L. Gollan The initial aim in evaluating hepatic neoplasms is to distinguish among a primary malignant tumor of the liver, a primary benign tumor, and metastatic disease. Although a number of other tumors can arise within the liver (e.g., cholangiocarcinoma, hemangiosarcoma), this chapter concentrates on hepatocellular carcinoma