西方语言学简史2.pptVIP

Terminology Cratylus 《克拉底洛篇》 onomatopoeia onomatopoeic sound-symbolism naturalist conventionalist Stoic philosophers 斯多葛学派哲学家 etymology metaphor analogy anomaly synonymy hononymy Summary of this section nature vs convention anomaly vs analogy Terminology of the next section Alexandria Alexandrian period Homer荷马 Homeric poems Hellenistic scholars 希腊化的 tautology 同义反复 Protagrus 普罗泰哥拉 Plato柏拉图 Stoic斯多葛学派 * Selected Readings for a Brief History of Western Linguistics Revision of the last section What’s the scientific study of language? an investigation based on controlled and empirically verifiable observations, governed by some general theory of language-structure. 语言学是在某一关于语言结构的理论指导下， 对语言进行的（研究过程）可控的、实证性的 调查研究，且（其研究结果）是可验证的。 What’s language? Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 1. Trying to grasp the Ancient Greek philosophical origins of traditional grammar, or rather, modern linguistics.? 2.?A clear map of the argument concerning the debate whether nature/convention or? analogy/anomaly? governs languages ??3. Understanding the corresponding relations between nature and anomaly, convention and analogy. Teaching goal of this section 1.2.1 Philosophical origins of traditional grammar Traditional grammar, traced back to Greece of 500 B.C., is a part of a “philosophy”, inquiring into the nature of the world and of their own social institutions. 1,自然哲学时期：世界本原问题。反对神话创世说。认为世界本原是物质性的东西。 2.人本主义和系统哲学时期：雅典为中心。讨论重点是人。并建立了庞大的哲学体系。智者学派、柏拉图、亚里士多德时期。 3.希腊化和罗马哲学时期 ：亚历山大城为中心。讨论重点转移到伦理方面，如人生的目的是什么，幸福是什么等问题。 拉斐尔《雅典学园》， 描绘古希腊哲学家们 在一起探讨哲学问题 Nature and Convention The Greek philosophers debated whether language was governed by “nature” or “convention”. To say that a particular institution was “natural” was to imply that it had its origin in eternal and immutable principles outside man himself and was therefore inviolable. To say that a particular institution was “conventional” implied that it w