基于步进电机的三自由度直角型机械手设计说明书.doc

摘 要 在工业上，自动控制系统有着广泛的应用，如工业自动化机床控制、计算机系统、机器人等。其中工业机器人是相对较新的机械电子设备，它在现代化工业生产中正扮演着越来越重要的角色。 全自动化工业机械手有能模仿人手和手臂的某些动作功能，用固定程序搬运，抓取物体或操作工具的自动操作装置，机械手主要由手部和运动机构组成。按照搬运或者抓去的物件形状、尺寸、重量、材料和作业环境等的要求的不同，手部有几种结构形式，吸附型，托持型和夹持型等。运动机构的功能是使手部完成各种动作：移动、转动等运动来实现规定的动作。机构的伸缩、升降和旋转等运动方式，称为机械手的自由度。本设计选用三自由度直角坐标型工业机器人，其工作方向为四个直线方向，是通过滚珠丝杠来实现小臂与大臂的伸缩，升降。而这些动作都是通过在步进电机的带动下进行。在控制器的作用下，它将执行将工件从一条流水线抓取并运送到另一条流水线这一简单的动作。 本篇论文主要对机械手的传动部分滚珠丝杠与步进电机进行了计算，计算内容主要包括工业机器人的传动机构的设计，以及其机械传动装置的选择。另外对控制部分的描述主要有单片机的控制方案，接线原理图以及程序流程图等。 关键词：三自由度，直角坐标，工业机器人 ABSTRACT Industrially, automatic control systems have a wide range of applications, such as automation machine tool control, computer systems, robotics. The industrial robot is a relatively new machinery and electronic equipment in the modern industry, it is playing a more and moreimportant role. Fully automated industrial machinery hand can imitate hand and arm some action function, with fixed procedures handling, grasping an object or operation tool for automatic operation device, the manipulator is mainly composed of a hand and the movement mechanism. According to the transporting or catch to object shape, size, weight, materials and working environment of the different requirements, hand there are several structure forms, adsorption, supporting and clamping type. Motion mechanism is the function of the hand to complete a variety of actions: moving, rotating movement to achieve the required action. Body stretching, lifting and rotating movement, known as the degrees of freedom manipulator. The design of three degree of freedom industrial robot in Cartesian coordinate type, which is composed of four linear direction, through ball screw to realize small arm and the arm stretching, lifting. These movements are all based on the stepper motor driven by. Under the action of the controller, it will perform a workpiece from one production line to crawl and transported to another line of this simple action. This paper focuses on the manipulator drive portion of