农地流转中农户租约期限短期倾向的行为研究_一个悖论与解释.pdfVIP

摘 要 在当前的中国,农地流转程度正在逐渐提高,而农地租赁是农地流转的最主 要的形式｡农地租赁过程中的租约长短是一个值得关注的问题｡学界一般认为, 长期租约一方面可以降低交易成本,另一方面可以避免租入者的短期化､掠夺性 经营行为,激励租入者进行长期化投资,从而提高农地的利用效率｡但笔者通过 对黑龙江省富裕县和四川省绵竹市两地的农地流转情况的实地调研发现,农户 在农地流转中倾向于选择短期租约:在两地分别为75份和70份农地租约中,租 期小于等于1年的分别占58.7%和77.1%｡ 既然长期租约有利于提高农地利用效率,那为什么现实中我们会观察到农 户倾向于选择短期租约呢?这个悖论应当如何解释? 本研究试图对该问题做出回答｡本文先对影响农地租出者和租入者租赁期 限长短偏好的因素提供一个分析框架,然后利用实证数据进行检验｡ 本文研究结果认为:(1)当地权不稳定时,农地租出者倾向于签订长期租约, 农地租入者倾向于签订短期租约｡ (2)当地权不完整时,农地租出者倾向于签订 长期租约,农地租入者倾向于签订短期租约｡ (3)在农地交易过程中,交易双方为 了避免评估､监督等交易成本,都倾向于选择同村同组的农户或亲友进行交易｡ 当交易费用较高时,农地租出者和租入者都倾向于签订长期租约,当交易费用较 低时,两者都倾向于签订短期租约｡ (4)当种地预期收益与种地机会成本的差值 较大时,农地租出者与农地租入者各自都倾向于签订长期租约,当种地种地预期 收益与种地机会成本的差值较小时,农地租出者和农地租入者都各自倾向于签 订短期租约｡ 关键词:农地流转；租约期限长短；地权稳定性；地权完整性； 土地流转的交易费用；土地流转的机会成本 1 Abstract Today, land circulation is becoming increasingly frequently in China, most mainly in the form of land lease, while the lease period weighs heavy for a lease. In commonsense, long term lease could reduce deal cost, and prevent short-sighted, predatory behavior of lessees and stimulate lessees to invent for the long run, and therefore higher land use efficiency. However, according to an on-the-spot study on land circulation in Fuyu County, Heilongjiang Province and Mianzhu County, Sichuan Province, I discovered that lessors have a preference for a short term lease: among the 75 and 70 land lease contracts in the two places, contracts of lease period less than one year account for 58.7% and 77.1% respectively. Now that long term leases help to increase land use efficiency, why on the contrary land lessors go for short term lease in these two places? What is the solution of this paradox? This research makes an attempt to answer this question. This pape