浅析海运提单的种类风险及防范措施 毕业论文.doc

浅析海运提单的种类风险及防范措施 摘?要 提单是海上货物运输中最重要的单证，已成为国际贸易和航运基石。然而，随着国际贸易和航运的日益繁荣，提单风险已经危机到整个提单的正常运作机制，阻碍了国际贸易的顺利进行。本文以提单风险为主线，以防范提单风险之问题为目标，主要从立法规范的角度，通过纵横双向的比较分析得出结论:不能仅仅因为提单风险之问题的存在，就把整个提单制度予以否定，应该完善提单相关的法律规范，从严掌握预借和倒签提单，严格海运提单的签署等制度，从而保证提单对国际贸易的进一步发展，发挥更加重要的作用。 ? 关键词：提单，欺诈，风险防范 Abstract ? The bill of lading is carriage of goods by sea is the most important documents, has become the international trade and shipping cornerstone. However, as of international trade and shipping growing prosperity, bills of lading risks have crisis to the whole of the bill of lading normal operation mechanism, obstruct the international trade smoothly. Based on the bill of lading risk as the main line, in order to guard against the risk of problems as the goal of bill of lading, mainly from the Angle of legislation, through the comparative analysis of the steam font two-way conclusion: just because bill of lading risk problem exists, the whole system of the bill of lading shall be rejected, should perfect relevant legal norms, bill of lading and strict master beforehand through bill of lading, strict pour sign of Marine bill of lading signed system, thus ensuring the bill of lading for the further development of the international trade, play an increasingly important role.? Keywords: B/L, cheating, risk prevention 目?录 摘要 1前言…………………………………………………………………………………3 2 提单风险的类型 …………………………………………………………………4 2.1倒签和预借提单…………………………………………………………………5 2．2．2 ?倒签提单、预借提单的法律性质及其责任 ……………………………5 2.3无提单交货………………………………………………………………………5 2.4以保函换取清洁提单……………………………………………………………6 3 ?提单风险的成因分析 ……………………………………………………………6 3.1法律原因…………………………………………………………………………7 3.1.1 提单相关法律规范不完备……………………………………………………7 3.1.2 提单本身的缺陷………………………………………………………………8 3.1.3 提单相关法律规范不完备……………………………………………………9 3.2 实践原因…………………………………………………………………………9 3.2.1国际贸易及航运方面的原因…………………………………………………9 3.2.2信用证项下的提单风险分析信用证项下的提单风险分析在国际贸易运输活动中，有权签发海运提单的不仅有承运人，还可以是非承运人的货运代理人。根据《跟单信用证统一惯例 500》的规定，如果信用证中没有反对，银行将接受货运代理人签发的提单。由此，在象征性交货条件下，进口商可能遭受诸多提单风险，具体分析如下（1）提单与货物不符的风险。提单与货物不符的风险主要表现为三种典型情况：空头单证、货物