灵长类个体亲缘关系研究进展.docVIP

 灵长类个体亲缘关系研究进展# 吴林林，黄康，张红阳，郭松涛** （西北大学生命科学学院，西安 710069） 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 摘要：亲缘选择是重要的动物进化研究领域之一。非人灵长类社会因具有丰富的亲缘和非亲 缘关系网络，成为亲缘选择理论研究的重要类群。本文从非人灵长类个体的亲缘识别机制， 亲缘关系对其社会行为的影响和现在常用的亲缘关系鉴定的方法三个方面对前人的成果进 行了总结、综述。首先，灵长类进行亲缘选择的前提是亲缘识别，其识别机制正逐渐成为研 究中的热点，现主要认为非人灵长类依赖熟悉性和表现型匹配两种机制识别亲缘，但这两种 机制并不是互斥的；其次，亲缘关系对灵长类的社会行为有重要影响，但不是唯一影响因素； 最后，确定个体间亲缘关系远近是亲缘选择研究的基础，分子遗传学技术为迅速准确地明确 个体间亲缘关系提供了可能，由于线粒体 DNA 测序、微卫星分型和单核苷酸多态性分型的 突出优点，成为其中的首要考虑方法。目前，有关非人灵长类社会中的亲缘选择研究已有很 大发展，但依然存在诸多难点和争论，有待研究者进一步讨论和探究。 关键词：非人灵长类；亲缘识别；亲缘关系；社会行为；遗传标记 中图分类号：Q95 Proceeding in the study of primate kinship Wu Linlin, Huang Kang, Zhang Hongyang, Guo Songtao (School of Life sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069) Abstract: kin selection is one of the most important research branches in animal evolution. Nonhuman primates have been particularly suitable subjects for kinship studies for their complex social networks. The paper reviews the mechanisms of kin recognition, the effects of kinship on social behaviors and the prioritized methods for kinship analysis in nonhuman primates. First, kin recognition is the prerequisite for kin selection in primates. And its mechanisms are gradually becoming hotspots in kin selection studies. Familiarity or/and phenotype matching has/have been proposed as being most likely. Second, Biological kinship has emerged as a primary organizing force in the evolution of social organization and the patterning of social behaviour within primate groups. It influences social behaviors with other factors commonly. Third, judging genetic relationship is the basis of kin selection researches. The development of molecular genetic techniques has made it possible for primatologists to make it with speed and accuracy. And mitochondrial DNA sequencing, microsatellite genotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping are the prioritized methods because of their outstanding advantages. Researches about kin selection in nonhuman primates have been progressing for decades. Nonethel