社会学和流行病学研究中的伦理问题Ethical Issues in Behavioral and Epidemiological Research_Chinese.pptVIP

June 2008 FERCAP Human Participant Protection Course Ethical Issues in Behavioral and Epidemiological Research社会学和流行病学研究中的伦理问题 Useful Definitions有用的定义 “Research means a systematic investigation to include research development, testing and evaluation, designed to develop or contribute some information or generalizable knowledge.” 研究是指对假设、产品或干预手段进行系统的发展、测试和评价，以期获取某些信息或归纳知识。 “Human subject is a living individual about whom an investigator (professional or student) conducting research obtains (1) data through intervention or interaction with the individual, or (2) identifiable private information.” 人体受试者指在研究中为研究者提供以下信息的个人：1、通过干预或相互作用的一些数据；2、能辨识的个人信息。 Useful Definitions有用的定义 Minimal risk – probability and magnitude of harm or discomfort anticipated in the research are not greater than those encountered in daily life or during the performance of routine physical or psychological examinations or tests 最小风险 – 研究中所预期的可能引起的不适不大于日常生活或一般的身体或心理的检查或测试。 Useful Definitions有用的定义 Private Information includes information about behavior that occurs in a context in which an individual can reasonably expect that no observation is taking place. Information provided for specific purposes by which the individual can reasonably expect that it will not be made public (like a medical record). 私密信息包括那些个人不希望被他人观察的行为，以及在特殊情况下提供但不希望被他人所知的信息（例如病史资料）。 Common Research Methodologies常用的研究方法 Types 类型 Quantitative – generalizable information 定量法 – 可概括并归纳的 Qualitative – in depth case studies 定性法 – 有深度的个案研究 Methods方法 Interviews访谈 Focus group discussion小组讨论 Survey调查 Research Exempt from IRB Review可免除伦理审查的研究 Anonymous databases匿名的数据信息 Opinion surveys观点调查 Interview and questionnaire research about general (not private) behavior 通常行为（非私密行为）的访谈或调查 Observation of public behavior (no identifiers) 公众行为的观察 (不暴露个体身份) Data collected from elected officials 从投票信息中获得数据 Unethical research?不道德的研究？ Tea room trade study – study of homosexual sex in public toilets - 1960 茶室研究 –1960 在公厕进行的同性恋研究 Arrests fo