病毒生物学特性与实验室检测方法概述.pdfVIP

Experimentaldiagnosisof

viralinfection

●考点

Biologicalcharacteristicsof

virusesLaboratorytesting

methodsforvirusesCommon

viralinfections

【Content

exnation】

Section1Overvie

w

Atypeofnon-cellularmicroorganismsthatareextremelysmallandcanpassthroughbacterialfilters

andneedtobeobservedwithanelectronmicroscope.Containsonlyonekindofnucleicacidasgenetic

material,surroundedbyproteincapsidorenvelope.Virusescanonlyparasitizeinlivingcellsand

multiplybyreplicating.Amongclinicalmicrobialinfections,nearly75%ofinfectiousdiseasesarecaused

byviruses.

1.Basiccharacteristicsofviruses

(1)Morphologicalstructure

1.Sizeandshape:Size:Theunitofmeasurementisexpressedinnanometers,generally

ween20-300nm.Theshapescanberoughlydividedinto:sphericalorapproximately

spherical,rod-shaped,bullet-shaped,brick-shaped,tadpole-shaped,etc.2.Structure

(2)Proliferationofviruses

Virusesmustrelyonhostcellsandreproduce

inaspecialwayofself-replication.Virus

replicationcycle:6stages:adsorption,

penetration,uncoating,biosynthesis,asse

mblyandmaturation,andrelease.

异常增殖：

顿挫：进入细胞后的环境不利于它的，不能合成本身的成分或不能组装和释放有性

的颗粒。

：由于组或位点改变而不能进行正常增殖的。

干扰现象：当两种不同的或两株性质不同的同种，同时或先后同一细胞或机体时，可发

生一种抑制另一种增殖的现象。

（三）噬菌体

以细菌、真菌等为宿主，能引起细菌等裂解的。

噬菌体特异性识别细菌表面受体，可用于进行细菌的鉴定与分型。

噬菌体细菌后产生两种：

溶菌周期和溶源性周期。

（四）非寻常