2025必威体育精装版银行笔试英语阅读理解高频题库.docxVIP

2025必威体育精装版银行笔试英语阅读理解高频题库

一、银行与金融体系（BankingFinancialSystem）

Passage1:TheRoleofCentralBanksinEconomicStability

Centralbanks,suchastheFederalReserve(Fed)intheUnitedStatesorthePeople’sBankofChina(PBOC),playapivotalroleinmaintainingeconomicstability.Theirprimaryfunctionsincludecontrollinginflation,managinginterestrates,andactingaslendersoflastresortduringfinancialcrises.Byadjustingthebenchmarkinterestrate(e.g.,thefederalfundsrateintheU.S.ortheloanprimerateinChina),centralbanksinfluenceborrowingcostsacrosstheeconomy.Lowerratesencouragebusinessestoinvestandconsumerstospend,stimulatingeconomicgrowth;higherrates,conversely,curbinflationbyreducingspendingandinvestment.

Duringthe2008globalfinancialcrisis,centralbanksimplementedunconventionalmeasureslikequantitativeeasing(QE)—purchasinglong-termassetstoinjectliquidityintothefinancialsystem.Theseactionsaimedtostabilizemarketsandpreventacollapseofcreditflow.Inrecentyears,withinflationrisingduetosupplychaindisruptionsandenergypriceshocks,centralbankshaveshiftedfocustotighteningmonetarypolicy(raisingrates)tobringinflationbacktotargetlevels(typicallyaround2%).

Questions:

1.Whatistheprimarygoalofcentralbanksregardinginflation?

A.Tokeepitaslowaspossible,evenifitcausesrecession.

B.Tomaintainitatastable,targetlevel(e.g.,2%).

C.Toeliminateitcompletely.

D.Toallowittofluctuatefreelybasedonmarketdemand.

2.Howdocentralbankstypicallystimulateeconomicgrowth?

A.Byincreasinginterestratestoboostsavings.

B.Byreducingthemoneysupplyintheeconomy.

C.Byloweringinterestratestoencourageborrowingandspending.

D.Byimposingstricterregulationsonbanks.

Answers:1.B;2.C

Passage2:TheEvolutionofRetailBanking

Retailbanking,whichservesindividualcustomersandsmallbusinesses,hasundergonesigni