法国预测与国际信息中心-外包脱碳？贸易如何塑造法国的碳足迹（2000-2014）（英）-2025.6-28页.pdfVIP

No2025-09–June2025WorkingPaper

OutsourcingDecarbonization?

HowTradeShapedFrance’s

CarbonFootprint(2000–14)

PierreCotterlazChristopheGouel

Highlights

Francesemissionsfellby18%(2000-14),butitscarbonfootprintbyonly5%.

Trade-embeddedemissionsincreasedfrom45%to54%ofFrancestotalcarbonfootprint.

Technique effects reduced emissions by 28%, mainly through efficiency gains abroad.

Geographicshiftstocarbon-intensivepartnersincreasedemissionsby18%.

Ascountriesdecarbonizedomestically,footprintreductionsbecomeincreasinglydependentonforeignactions.

CEPIIWorkingPaperOutsourcingDecarbonization?HowTradeShapedFrance’sCarbonFootprint

Abstract

ThisstudyexaminestheevolutionofFrancescarbonfootprintfrom2000to2014,withaparticularfocusonthe

roleofinternationaltrade.Duringthisperiod,Francesterritorialemissionsdecreasedby18%,yetitsconsumption-

based footprint declined by only 5%. This modest reduction reflects an increase in emissions embedded in imports,

whichgrewfrom45%to54%ofthetotal.Employinganovelstructuraldecompositionanalysis,wedisentangle

thecontributionsofscale,composition,andtechniqueeffectsfromaconsumptionperspective.Ourapproach

advances traditional methods by explicitly distinguishing between domestic and foreign influences and by separately

analyzing trade openness and the geographic reallocation of trade flows. The results underscore the dominance of

the technique effect in reducing emissions (-28%), driven primarily by efficiency improvements abroad. However,

thegeographiccompositioneffectle