区域济一体化意味着地理中协议减少并关税非阿达障碍以自由流动服务ibe regional economic integrationIBE.pdfVIP

Def:

Regionaleconomicintegrationmeansagreementsamongcountriesinageographicregionto

reduce,andultimatelyremove,tariffandnontariffbarrierstothefreeflowofgoods,services,

andfactorsofproductionbetweeneachother.

ThemostsuccessfuloneEuropeanUnion(EU):singlecurrency(euro),27countries,more

than500millioncustomers

NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement(NAFTA):Cexico,andtheUnitedStates

ResultedinjoblossesinsomesectorsintheAmericaneconomybutbenefitsoutweighcosts

InAsia

TheAssociationofSoutheastAsianNationsandtheAsia-PacificEconomicCooperation

(APEC)forum

TheSouthAsianAssociationforRegionalCooperation(SAARC)

MERCOSUR(Argentina,Brazil,Paraguay,andUruguay)

Threats:Regionaltradeblocscompeteagainsteachother

5levelsofeconomicintegration

1.Freetradeareaallbarrierstothetradeofgoodsandservicesamongmembercountriesare

removed.

Theoreticallynodiscriminatorytariffs,as,subsidies,oradministrativeimpediments

areallowedtodistorttradweenmembers

Eachcountryisallowedtodetermineitsowntradepolicieswithregardtonon-members.

Freetradeagreementsarethemostpopularform,90%ofregionalagreements

2.Customsunion—eliminatestradebarriersbetweenmembercountriesandadoptsacommon

externaltrade

Mostcountriesenterintoacustomsuniondesireevengreatereconomicintegrationdown

theroad(theEUbeganasacustomunion)

E.g.AndeanPact(Bolivia,Colombia,Ecuador,Peru,Venezuela)imposesacommontariff

(5%-20%)onproductsimportedfromoutside

3.Commonmarket—nobarrierstotradweenmembercountries,acommonexternaltrade

,allowsfactorsofproductiontomovefreelybet