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melnik_VLDB-大数据文档资料.docx

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Dremel:InteractiveAnalysisofWeb-ScaleDatasets

SergeyMelnik,AndreyGubarev,JingJingLong,GeoffreyRomer,

ShivaShivakumar,MattTolton,TheoVassilakis

Google,Inc.

{melnik,andrey,jlong,gromer,shiva,mtolton,theov}@

ABSTRACT

Dremelisascalable,interactivead-hocquerysystemforanaly-sisofread-onlynesteddata.Bycombiningmulti-levelexecutiontreesandcolumnardatalayout,itiscapableofrunningaggrega-tionqueriesovertrillion-rowtablesinseconds.ThesystemscalestothousandsofCPUsandpetabytesofdata,andhasthousandsofusersatGoogle.Inthispaper,wedescribethearchitectureandimplementationofDremel,andexplainhowitcomplementsMapReduce-basedcomputing.Wepresentanovelcolumnarstor-agerepresentationfornestedrecordsanddiscussexperimentsonfew-thousandnodeinstancesofthesystem.

1.INTRODUCTION

Large-scaleanalyticaldataprocessinghasbecomewidespreadinwebcompaniesandacrossindustries,notleastduetolow-coststoragethatenabledcollectingvastamountsofbusiness-criticaldata.Puttingthisdataatthe?ngertipsofanalystsandengineershasgrownincreasinglyimportant;interactiveresponsetimesof-tenmakeaqualitativedifferenceindataexploration,monitor-ing,onlinecustomersupport,rapidprototyping,debuggingofdatapipelines,andothertasks.

Performinginteractivedataanalysisatscaledemandsahighde-greeofparallelism.Forexample,readingoneterabyteofcom-presseddatainonesecondusingtoday’scommoditydiskswouldrequiretensofthousandsofdisks.Similarly,CPU-intensivequeriesmayneedtorunonthousandsofcorestocompletewithinseconds.AtGoogle,massivelyparallelcomputingisdoneusingsharedclustersofcommoditymachines[5].Aclustertypicallyhostsamultitudeofdistributedapplicationsthatshareresources,havewidelyvaryingworkloads,andrunonmachineswithdifferenthardwareparameters.Anindividua