定语从句知识点及相应练习.docxVIP

定语从句 1、功能：=形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语一： 先行词： 被定语从句所修饰的词 二： 关系词：用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词。在从句中充当的成分： 主语、宾语 学会找关系词，看先行词指的是什么 先行词，看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 2、一般用法 先行词是物： which that 先行词是人： who whom that 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 e.g. The young man ( whom ) you saw was our manager. There is something ( that ) we must keep in mind. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 （逗号隔开非限制） 限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。 e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整） 非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能 that 用引导。 e.g. Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night. that 与 which 的区别 1）用 that 而不用 which 的情况 ①先行词为不定代词 all, anything, nothing, …；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰； ③先行词有 only, very, any等词修饰； ④先行词既有人又有物时。2）用 which 而不用 that 的情况： ①引导非限制性定语从句；②指代前面整个主句的意思；③介词 + 关系代词。 3、whose 的用法 关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即“的”时，它既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词。 e.g. 1. The girl is my daughter. Her work got the first prize. The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter. 4、介宾结构 关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词可以提前，但关系代词只能用which（物）或 whom（人）。 e.g. 1. The man is a famous runner. You talked to him just now. The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner. The chair is made of wood. He is sitting on it now. The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood. He is a library assistant. I borrowed some books from him. He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books. It is a famous school. He graduated from it 3 years ago. It is a famous school from which He graduated 3 years ago. 有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开。 (look after take care of look for) e.g. He is the student who the teachers are looking for. The number of the children who she takes care of is 30. 5、关系副词： when where why = 介词+which 先行词：时间——when = on which 从句：时间状语地点——where = in/at which 地点状语 原因——why = for which 原因状语 判断把先行词放回从句中（关系词）作什么成分：作状语用when where 和 why，否则用前面所述。 e.g. 1. I will never forget the day./ I went to university on that day. I will never forget the day when/ on which I went to university. 2.This is the house. / He used to live in the house. This is the hou