宾语从句讲解.pptVIP

* 宾语从句 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中做动词、介词和形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，分为三类。 1． 由that 引导的从句．that只有语法作用，没有实际意义，可以省略。 H e said that he wanted to stay at home. I’m sure that he will succeed. 2.由连接代词who whose which what whom和连接副词when where why how引导的宾语从句，这些连接代词和副词在句中充当成分。 Do you know who they are waiting for? He asked whose writing was the best. Can you tell me where the bus stop is? I don’t know why the train is late. 3. 由if whether 引导的宾语从句在句中　意思是“是否” I want to know if he lives here. He asked me whether I could help him. 1. 引导词关 ????如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。 3. 时态关 ??①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如： ????I have heard（that）he will come back next week. ?? ②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如： ????He said（that）there were no classes yesterday. 注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如： ??????He said that?light travels much faster than sound.? 语序关 ??①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如： ????He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy. ??②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如： ????Does he work hard? I wonder. →I wonder if/whether he works hard. ????When did he leave? I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left. 三、人称的变化和标点的使用 ??1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如： ??“May I use your knife?” He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife. ??“Do you know her telephone number?” He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number. ?? 2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如： ??Who will give us a talk? I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk. ??Do you know? Where does he live? →Do you know where he lives?? 四、两副面孔 ????if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如： ????If it rains tomorrow, I won’t come.（时间状语从句） ????I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句） ? 五、从句的简化 ??1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如： ??She found that the wallet was lying on the ground. ??→She found the wallet lying on the ground.