人民大2023张道真英语语法（第三版）（精华版）课件Chapter 22.pptx

张道真英语语法A COMPREHENSIVE ENGLISH GRAMMAR 精华版第三版桂林学院英语语法教师团队 省略句 Chapter 22 一、概说 1.1 省略与省略句为了使语言简洁，人们常把某些词省掉，这在口语中特别普遍，例如：(I) Thank you. (It’s) Very good. (You’re) Quite right. 这种现象称为省略（ellipsis）。这种句子称为省略句（elliptical sentences）。 1.1 省略与省略句:（1）主语：(I) Beg your pardon. (It) Doesn’t matter. 有时主语和助动词一起省略：(Do you) Want some? (Have you) Had a good time? （2）谓语或谓语的一部分：(Is there) Anything you want? (There) Ought to be a comma here. (Does) Anybody need help? 被省略的部分可能是： 1.1 省略与省略句（3）宾语：Which of them is the better choice? —Well, it’s hard to tell (it).Where is George? —I don’t kn. （4）主语和谓语（的一ow部分）： 省略主语和谓语（的一部分), 只剩下表语、宾语、状语等：What a pity (it is) you can’t go with us!(You have got the) Wrong number. (Come) This way, please. （5）冠词、介词等：(The) Trouble is we don’t have enough tools to go round. (Of) Course that’s only a beginning. 1.2 省略句的意思（1）有时本身意思很清楚：I think we need it more than they (do). 我想我们比他们更需要它。Never heard of such a thing. 从来没听过这样的事。（2）有时得靠上下文来推断：Is Mary coming to the party? —I’m afraid not. 玛丽来参加晚会吗？—— 恐怕不来了。We won’t discuss that today. —Why not? 我们今天不谈这个问题了。——为什么（不谈）？ 1.2 省略句的意思（3）有些省略句已成为成语，很难说哪个字省略：As usual, he arrived last. 和平常一样他最后一个到。She was feeling a little better than usual. 她感到比平时好一点了。（4）省略句还可出现在描绘性的文字中，虽是省略句，意思却很清楚：Then we came to the grasslands. Marshes everywhere. No birds! No trees! No houses! Not a soul to be seen! 然后我们来到草地。到处是沼泽，没有飞鸟！没有树木！没有房舍！没有人烟！ 1.3 单部句有某些句子，只含有主语或谓语的一部分，这类句子称为单部句 (one member sentences)，这种句子有点像省略句，却无法说出省略了什么：My goodness! Thanks a lot! Hands up! No entry! No smoking ! 二、简单句中的省略 2.1 陈述句的省略（1）在日常生活中我们会用到很多省略句，如：Hope to hear from you soon. A thousand thanks for your invitation. （2）特别是回答问题时，常有许多成分省略：How are you getting along with your work? —Pretty well. Will you join us? —I should love to. 2.1 陈述句的省略（3）在对别人的话做出反应时也可用省略句：It looks like a shower. —Yes, somewhat. I hope I am not disturbing you too much. —Certainly not. （4）也可提出问句：I went to an exhibition this morning. —With whom? He specializes in anthropology. — What? 2.2 疑问句、祈使句和感叹句中的省略（1）疑问句