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chapter 4- Enlightenment Movement课件完整版可编辑.ppt

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The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century1. “the Age of Reason”2. “the Neoclassic Age” Enlightenment Movement 霍布斯(Thomas Hobbes 1588-1679 )和洛克（John Locke，1632-1704），是英国最早的启蒙思想家。霍布斯的观点是：（1）社会契约；（2）不反对君主专制；（3）无神论但又主张借助宗教维持社会秩序。代表作：《利维坦》（Leviathan ）。洛克的观点是：（1）社会契约；（2）主权分立。代表作《人类理解论》(Essay Concerning Human Understanding)两位思想家思想的相同点，都主张社会契约。不同点：霍布斯不反对君主专制；洛克提倡君主立宪制。 The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement.The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.It celebrated reasons or rationality, equality and science. Neoclassicism It was initiated by John Dryden, culminated in Alexander Pope, continued by Samuel Johnson. 1. The Restoration Literature (1660-1700) drama, prose, poetry — the Age of Dryden 2. The Augustan Age (1700-1745) periodical essay, satire — The age of Pope3. The Neoclassical Decline (1745-1785) The time of Johnson—prose Characteristics of Neoclassicism literature 1. a strong traditionalism2. an “art” by long study and practice3. an imitation of human life4. the “maker”: the maker of the representative images of human actions and of the world5. Different forms6. new rules In dramathree unities of time, place, and actionIn diction “witty” expressions, the use of artificial and stock dictionIn poetrylyric, epic, didactic, satiric or dramaticIn versificationclosed heroic couplet The Genres of Literature in Neoclassicism1. Poetry (Mock epic, romance, satire and epigram) John Dryden, Alexander Pope , Samuel Johnson2. Novel ( a realistic presentation of life of the common English people) Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding The Rise of the Realistic NovelThe origin of the novel can be traced back to the romances of the ancient world and early Renaissance.In the 17th century, John Bunyan(1628-1688)’s The Pilgrim’s Progress (1678) is the combination of an allego