质量管理：整合供应链（第6版）托马斯·福斯特-foster_mq6_inppt_12.pptxVIP

Chapter 12Statistically Based Quality Improvement for Attributes Chapter ObjectivesDiscuss the differences between attributes and variables.Implement the process for creating attributes control charts.Interpret attributes control charts.Develop p, np, u, and c charts.Develop control charts in Excel.Perform reliability analysis.Copyright ? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.12-2 Types of AttributesStructural attributesSensory attributesPerformance attributesTemporal attributesEthical attributesCopyright ? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.Customer-based attributesProduction-related attributes12-3 Generic Process for Developing Attributes ChartsIdentify critical operations in the process where inspection might be needed. Identify critical product characteristics. Determine whether the critical product characteristic is a variable or an attribute.Select the appropriate process chart from the many types of charts. Establish the control limits and use the chart to continually monitor and improve.Update the limits when changes have been made to the process.Copyright ? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.12-4 Understanding Attributes ChartsAttribute charts use binomial and Poisson processes that are not measurements.Think in terms of defects and defective units.Copyright ? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.12-5 Understanding Attributes ChartsDefect – an irregularity or problem with a larger unitCountable; can be several within one unitMonitored using c and u chartsDefective – a unit that, as a whole, is not acceptable or does not meet performance requirementsMonitored using p and np chartsCopyright ? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.12-6 Process ChartsA process chart (or p chart) is used to graph the proportion of items in a sample that are defective or nonconforming to specification.They are also used to determine when there has been a shift in the proportion defective for a particular product or service. Copyright ? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.12-7 p Chart ApplicationsLate deliveriesIncomplete ordersC