长沙理工大学综合英语翻译.docxVIP

长沙理工大学综合英语翻译 长沙理工大学综合英语翻译 unit1 笛卡尔错了：“他人在，故我在” According to Ubuntu philosophy, which has its origins in ancient Africa, a newborn baby is not a person. People are born without ‘ena’, or selfhood, and instead must acquire it through interactions and experiences over time. So the ‘self’/‘other’ distinction that’s axiomatic in Western philosophy is much blurrier in Ubuntu thought. As the Kenyan-born philosopher John Mbiti put it in African Religions and Philosophy (1975): ‘I am because we are, and since we are, therefore I am. ’ 乌班图哲学起源于古代非洲。按照它的说法，新生儿尚不能 称为“人”。初生时，人没有自我。随着时间的推移，在互动和经验中才能习得它。因此， 西方哲学中自我／他者之间清晰的分野在乌班图哲学中变得模糊起来。出生于肯尼亚的哲 学家约翰 ·姆比蒂(John Mbiti)在著作《非洲的宗教与哲学》(African Religions and Philosophy)中如是说：我在，因为我们在； 因为我们在，所以我在。 We know from everyday experience that a person is partly forged in the crucible of community. Relationships inform self-understanding. Who I am depends on many ‘others’: my family, my friends, my culture, my work colleagues. The self I take grocery shopping, say, differs in her actions and behaviours from the self that talks to my PhD supervisor. Even my most private and personal reflections are entangled with the perspectives and voices of different people, be it those who agree with me, those who criticise, or those who praise me. 日常经验告诉我们，一个人一部分从社会的历练中锻造出来。社会关系 赋予我们自我认知。我是谁，这个问题的答案依赖于众多他者：家庭、朋友、文化背景、 同事等等。在杂货店购物的我和与博士导师交谈的我不是同一个自我。即便是私密、最个 人的思绪也不同人的观点和声音纠缠在一起，无论是那些赞同我的人，还是那些批评我的 人，抑或是那些赞美我的人。 Yet the notion of a fluctuating and ambiguous self can be disconcerting. We can chalk up this discomfort, in large part, to René Descartes. The 17th- century French philosopher believed that a human being was essentially self- contained and self-sufficient; an inherently rational, mind-bound subject, who ought to encounter the world outside her head with skepticism. While Descartes didn’t single-handedly create the modern mind, he went a long way towards defining its contours. 但是，自我的摇摆不定和充满歧义让人不安。很大程度上，我 们可以把这份不安归因于笛卡