2022届高考英语语法系列之句子结构类型讲义.docxVIP

PAGE PAGE 21 句子结构类型 英语句子按结构可分为3种类型：简单句、并列句和复合句。 1 简单句 1-1 简单句的定义 只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子叫做简单句。 Mark studies hard.马克努力学习。(1个主语，1个谓语) Li Ming andZhang Hua work in the samecompany. 李明和张华在同一家公司工作。(2个并列主语，1个谓语) Both Tom and Jim go to school at seven in the morning,have their lunch there and come back at five in the afternoon. 汤姆和吉姆早上7点钟上学，在学校里吃午饭，下午5点钟返家。(2个并列主语，3个并列谓语) 1-2 简单句的6种句型结构 简单句有6种基本句型，不论是多么复杂的简单句，都是这6种基本结构的扩展。 1)主语+动词(多为不及物动词) Her father works in Nanjing.她父亲在南京工作。 She is walking along the lake.她正沿着湖边走。Spring has come.春天已经到来。 2)主语+连系动词+表语 He is a teacher.他是一位教师。 The trees in the yard are green.院子里的树都绿了。 She became angry at his words.听到他的话她生气了。 The man seems kind.那人似乎很善良。 The milk has turned sour.牛奶变酸了。 3)主语+及物动词+宾语 He found a bird in the tree.他发现树上有一只鸟。 My sister enjoys the song.我妹妹喜欢这首歌。He forgot to post the letter.他忘记了寄信。Mary denied taking the pen. 玛丽不承认拿了那支钢笔。 4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语He bought his sister a piano. 他给妹妹买了一架钢琴。 She wrote him a long letter.她给他写了一封长长的信。 The worker told us a lot about his life in the past.那位工人给我们讲了许多关于他过去生活的事情。 Would you tell me where to get the ticket?你告诉我到哪里去买票好吗？ 5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 I found him busy.我发现他很忙。 The news made her happy.那消息使她高兴。They consider Jim a good student. 他们认为吉姆是个好学生。 首ortcn bour er sina he song.我时常听见她唱这 They clected him chairman of the committee.他们选举他当了委员会主席。 She always keeps the room clean and tidy.她总是使房间保持整洁。 He had his hair cut once a month.他每个月理一次发。 Ive never seen him discouraged.我从没见他失望过。 She kept us waiting for over three hours.她使我们等了3个多小时。 6 there be结构 6-1 there be 句型的基本用法 “there be+某人/某物+某地/某时”是一个常用句型，表示“某地/某时有某人/某物”。本句型中的“there be”意为“有”，其后的“某人或某物”为句子的主语，“某地或某时”为状语。要注意下面两点： (1)汉语中的“有”译为英语时，如果表示的是“某人、某物拥有”，要用“有”动词have/has。 He has two red pencils.他有两支红铅笔。 如果表示“某地或某时有/存在某人或某物”，要用there be句型。 There are two red pencils on the desk.书桌上有2支红铅笔。 (2) there be句型中be要同主语的数和谓语的时态保持一致，变化形式为：一般现在时→is, are，一般过去时→was，were，一般将来时→will be，过去将来时→would be，现在完成时→have/has been。there be句型的变化如下表： 肯定句 There is…,there are··