2022届高考英语二轮复习：句子种类详解2 学案（含答案）.docxVIP

句子种类拓展 简单句与主谓一致 主谓一致应遵循的规则： 一、语法形式上的一致： (1)主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。例如： Jane and Mary look healthy and strong. The number of mistakes was surprising. 由连接词and或both ... and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。例如： Lucy and Lily are twins. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 注意： ① 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。例如： The writer and artist has come. ② 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： Every student and every teacher was in the room. No boy and no girl likes it. (3) 在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如： He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. (4) 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。例如： Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注意：people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。例如： The police are looking for the lost child. 由a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。例如： There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful. 注意： a number of许多，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of...的数量，主语是number，谓语用单数。 二、意义上一致： (1) 主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。例如： The crowd were running for their lives.单数形式表示复数意义的词有people，police，cattle，militia等。 (2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。 例如： The news was very exciting. 形复意单的单词有news，works(工厂)和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics，mathematics等。 (3)表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式， 这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，例如： Thirty minutes is enough for the work. (4) trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。例如： My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his. (5)定冠词the + 形容词或分词，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。 例如：The young are being taken good care of in our country. 三、就近、就远原则。 (1) 就近原则：谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or, either…or, neither...nor, whether...or, not only…but also等连接的并列主语与there be 句型中，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。