Introduction to WTO教学课件汇总全书电子教案（全）.pptxVIP

Introduction to the World Trade Organization (WTO);Chapter 1 The Establishment and Law of the WTO;The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only international organization dealing with the global rules of trade between nations. WTO was established on 1 January 1995, and its main institutions are located in Geneva. Until 23?July?2008, 153 Members have joined in the WTO.;1.1 The Formation and Development of Multilateral Trading System;1.1.1 GATT and its trade rounds1. The foundation of GATT;After World War II, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, known as the Bretton Woods institutions, were created. In February 1946, the United Nations Economic and Social Committee adopted a resolution calling for a conference to draft a charter for an “International Trade Organization” (ITO) to complement the World Bank and the IMF.;More than 50 countries participated in the negotiations to create an International Trade Organization as a specialized agency of the United Nations. Meanwhile, in an effort to give an early boost to trade liberalization and begin to correct the legacy of protectionist measures, tariff negotiations were begun among the 15 countries in 1946. ;The negotiations on the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) advanced well in Geneva, and by October 1947 the negotiators had reached an agreement of the GATT. The GATT was born with 23 founding contracting parties. ;The ITO Charter was finally agreed in Havana in March 1948, but ratification in some national legislatures proved impossible. In 1950, the United States government announced that it would not seek Congressional ratification of the Havana Charter, and the ITO was effectively dead.;The GATT became the only multilateral instrument governing international trade from 1948 until the WTO was established in 1995.;2. Trade rounds under GATT;The second round of multilateral trade negotiations From April to October in 1949, the second round of negotiations was held in Annecy, France, an