法律英语课件(13).pptxVIP

Lesson Five ;No society can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. Thomas Jefferson, America president　 没有哪个社会可以制订一部永远适用的宪法，甚至一条永远适用的法律。美国总统 杰斐逊 T;Background; History of the Constitution;History of the Constitution;Preamble Article I - Legislative Department Article II - Executive Department Article III - Judicial Department Article IV - States Relations Article V - Mode of Amendment Article VI - Prior Debts, National Supremacy and Oaths of Office Article VII - Ratification ;PREAMBLE;History of the Constitution;Part One: The constitution as supreme law;Decisions handed down by the Supreme Court ……have confirmed and strengthened “Doctrine of constitutional supremacy” 联邦最高法院宣布的决定证实并加强了宪法至上原则。;Final authority is vested in the American people. 最终权力属于美国人民 …change the fundamental law;The day-to-day business of government is delegated by the people to public officials . 人民将日常政治工作委托给公务员。;Public officials;Elected officials must stand for re-election at periodic intervals, when their records are subject to intensive public scrutiny. 选举产生的官员要接受定期重新选举，其政绩要受到公众全面监督。;Appointed officials serve at the pleasure of the person or authority who appointed them, and may be removed when their performance is unsatisfactory. 委任的官员应该让任命他们的人或机构满意。如果他们的政绩令人不满意，他们就会被撤职。;Ballot box;The process of impeachment 弹劾程序;宪法第２条第４项：;Impeachment ;Impeachment ;参议院的审理结果是：;Andrew Johnson;Richard Nixon;Bill Clinton（1946- ）;7/21/2021;Three branches of the national government;7/21/2021;Part 2: The principles of government;Each branch serves as a check on potential excesses of the others. 每一个部门都作为对其他部门可能滥用职权的制约。;Congress and the Courts balance each other. Congress makes laws, but the Courts interpret them. The Supreme Court decides if a law fits the meaning of the Constitution. ;Congress - PresidentKeeping the Balance;宪法至上;Equal ;State government ，like the federal government, must be republican in form, with final authority resting in the people. 与联邦政府一样，州政府形式上必须是共和制，最终权力归于人民。