暨大本科生态学课件general ecology 11-3.pptVIP

第11章 生 物 圈The Biosphere Concepts: Biomes and climate 生物群系与气候 The six realms 生物地理界 Definition of biome 生物群系的定义 Latitudes and elevations 纬度与海拔影响 Soil and organic matter 土壤及有机质 World’s major biomes 世界主要生物群系 主要内容 11.5 Freshwater ecosystems 11.6 Coastal ecosystems 11.7 Ocean ecosystems Concepts: Water provinces 水域生物区系 Lake ecosystems 湖泊生态系统 Lake zonation 湖泊层带现象 Seasonal changes of lake 季节变化 Lake eutrophication 湖泊富营养化 Oligotrophic lake 寡营养型湖泊 Eutrophic lake 富营养型湖泊 Humans can lead to eutrophication 1. Water provinces 水域生物区系 The water provinces are far more extensive than the earth’s terrestrial biomes.水域生物区系的广阔性远胜于陆地生物群系 They include the world’s lakes, rivers, ponds, estuaries, and wetlands. They include rocky and sandy shores, coral reefs, and parts of the open ocean. Let us first consider lake ecosystems. All lakes form in land basins(盆地). In time, most are doomed to fill with sediments or to drain when erosion deepens their outlets.最终,大多数湖泊均会因沉积物堆积填埋或因出口侵蚀深切而消失. Figure 1-1. Mountain lake 山地湖泊 3. Seasonal changes of lake 季节变化 In temperate regions, which have warm summers and cold winters, lakes show seasonal changes in density and temperature. 温带地区的夏季炎热、冬季寒冷, 使得这里的湖水密度和温度表现季节性变化特征。 4. Oligotrophic (poorly nourished) lake寡(贫)营养型湖泊 A newly formed lake generally has a relatively poor supply of nutrients and is called an oligotrophic (poorly nourished) lake. This type of lake is often deep, with steep banks. Because of its relatively low net primary productivity(净初级生产力), such a lake usually has crystal clear blue water, with small populations of phytoplankton and fish. 5. Eutrophic (well nourished) lake富营养型湖泊 Over time, sediments accumulate, the lake becomes shallower, and the supply of nutrients increases.湖泊沉积、变浅且营养物增加 Now the lake can support a more diverse community.供养更多样大量的水生生物群落 A nutrient-rich lake with high primary productivity is called eutrophic (well no