层次分析法在购买数码相机中的应用.doc

目 录 摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………………1 Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………………………1 1．层次分析法………………………………………………………………………………………2 1.1 层次分析法的简介……………………………………………………………………… 3 1.2层次分析法的基本原理与步骤 …………………………………………………………4 1.2.1层次结构模型的建立………………………………………………………………5 1.2.2 成对比较矩阵的构造……………………………………………………………… 1.2.3 计算（每个成对比较矩阵的）权向量并作一致性检验………………………… 7 1.2.4层次总排序 ……………………………………………………………………… 8 2．层次分析法的应用举例………………………………………………………………………10 2.1问题的提出………………………………………………………………………………10 2.2案例分析…………………………………………………………………………………10 2.3购机问题的计算步骤……………………………………………………………………11 2.3.1递阶层次结构模型的构建……………………………………………………… 11 2.3.2两两比较判断矩阵的构造……………………………………………………… 11 2.3.3 层次单排序及一致性检验……………………………………………………… 2.3.4层次总排序及一致性检验……………………………………………………… 14 2.4结果分析………………………………………………………………………………… 16 结论……………………………………………………………………………………………… 17 参考文献………………………………………………………………………………………… 17 层次分析法在购买数码相机中的应用 摘要：层次分析法在实际中有着广泛的应用，它是将与决策问题有关的问题元素分解为目标、准则、方案等层次，在此基础之上进行定性和定量分析的决策方法。这种方法的特点是在对复杂的决策问题的本质、影响因素及其内在目标、多准则或无结构特性的复杂决策问题提供简便的决策方法，本文给出其解决问题的基本原理和计算步骤，并通过在现实中的具体事例进一步辅助介绍。设计成对比较矩阵，使用Matlab、Mathtype等数学应用软件，计算权值及与之对应的特征向量，再对结果进行分析。 关键词: 层次分析法；成对比较矩阵；一致性检验；购机因素；层次单排序；递阶层次结构模型. Applications of Analytic Hierarchy Process in Real Life Abstract: Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） has been widely used in practice. It is the decision-making carrying on the qualitative and quantitative analysis on the basis of separation of the elements of subject into the goal, guidelines, programs, and other levels. This approach specializes in providing simple decision-making methods for complex subjects which have complex nature, different influential factors and intrinsic goals, multiple criteria and non-structural characteristics. This paper gives its basic principles and calculation steps, and introduces them through specific examples in reality. Design a paired comparison matrix, compute weights and corresponding eigenvectors by using application software of mathematic such as Matlab and Mathtype, and then analyze the results. Key words: AHP; paired comp