教学课件 法律知识导读（董晓波）.ppt

National Humanities Medal（国家人文奖章）：The National Humanities Medal is an American award that annually recognizes several individuals, groups, or institutions for work that has deepened the nation‘s understanding of the humanities, broadened our citizens’ engagement with the humanities, or helped preserve and expand Americans‘ access to important resources in the humanities. veil of ignorance（无知之幕）: It is a method of determining the morality of a certain issue (e.g., slavery) based upon the following thought experiment: parties to the original position know nothing about their particular abilities, tastes, and position within the social order of society. ★ The veil of ignorance, along with the original position, is a concept that has been in use by other names for centuries by philosophers such as John Stuart Mill, John Rawls, and Immanuel Kant. The modern usage was developed by John Rawls in A Theory of Justice. H. L. A. Hart （赫伯特·哈特）：Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hart (18 July 1907 – 19 December 1992) was an influential legal philosopher of the 20th century. His most famous work is The Concept of Law (1961). It has been argued that Hart had redefined the domain of jurisprudence and moreover established it as a philosophical inquiry of the nature or concept of law. Justice as Fairness（公平的正义）：Justice as Fairness: Political not Metaphysical is an essay by John Rawls, published in 1985. In it he describes his conception of justice. Original position (原初状态)： The original position is a hypothetical situation developed by American philosopher John Rawls as a thought experiment to replace the imagery of a savage state of nature of prior political philosophers like Thomas Hobbes reflective equilibrium (反思平衡)：Reflective equilibrium is a state of balance or coherence among a set of beliefs arrived at by a process of deliberative mutual adjustment among general principles and particular judgments. The term reflective equilibrium was coined by John Rawls and popularized