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* §5.4 Ⅲ—shear and torsion type In the case of bending, shearing and torsion of the members, when the longitudinal reinforcement is arranged at the top and bottom of the section, the two sides are less, and the aspect ratio (b/h) is smaller, or when the shear and torque are larger. The failure starts from the lateral side superimposed by shear and torque, the other side is in compression state. Type IV—shear type When the shear is large, the torque is small (torsion-shear ratio is relatively small). 2. Under the combined action of shear and torsion, in order to avoid the reuse of concrete in the direction of the main compressive stress, the bearing capacity of the concrete under the double shear stress is reduced by the coefficient . The experimental results show that under the combined action of moment, shear and torque, the bearing capacity is interrelated and its interaction is very complicated. The design is usually simplified as: The required longitudinal reinforcement for bending should be calculated separately, in the bending tension zone, bending longitudinal reinforcement and torsion longitudinal reinforcement is superimposed; Shear and pure torsion calculation formulas were used to calculate the torsion stirrups and shear stirrups, respectively, and then superimposed. SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION OF BEARING CAPACITY OF COMPOSITE TORSION MEMBERS WITH RECTANGULAR SECTION * Simplified design method: Bending and torsion Do not consider bending and twist correlation； Respectively, according to pure bending and pure torsion components longitudinal reinforcement, superimposed； The amount of stirrups is determined by twisting calculations。 * Bending, shear, torsion calculate the longitudinal reinforcement by bending and torsion, and superimposed； Calculate shear reinforcement by shear and torsion, respectively, and superimposed； Consider the correlation between shear and torque: shear will reduce the torsional bearing capacity of the component; to